Showing papers by "James L. McClelland published in 2003"
TL;DR: Simulation models capture semantic cognitive processes and their development and disintegration, encompassing domain-specific patterns of generalization in young children, and the restructuring of conceptual knowledge as a function of experience.
Abstract: How do we know what properties something has, and which of its properties should be generalized to other objects? How is the knowledge underlying these abilities acquired, and how is it affected by brain disorders? Our approach to these issues is based on the idea that cognitive processes arise from the interactions of neurons through synaptic connections. The knowledge in such interactive and distributed processing systems is stored in the strengths of the connections and is acquired gradually through experience. Degradation of semantic knowledge occurs through degradation of the patterns of neural activity that probe the knowledge stored in the connections. Simulation models based on these ideas capture semantic cognitive processes and their development and disintegration, encompassing domain-specific patterns of generalization in young children, and the restructuring of conceptual knowledge as a function of experience.
606 citations
TL;DR: This paper considers three contributions from specific models: connectionist models have proven useful for exploring nonlinear dynamics and emergent properties, and their role in nonlinear developmental trajectories, critical periods and developmental disorders.
Abstract: How have connectionist models informed the study of development? This paper considers three contributions from specific models. First, connectionist models have proven useful for exploring nonlinear dynamics and emergent properties, and their role in nonlinear developmental trajectories, critical periods and developmental disorders. Second, connectionist models have informed the study of the representations that lead to behavioral dissociations. Third, connectionist models have provided insight into neural mechanisms, and why different brain regions are specialized for different functions. Connectionist and dynamic systems approaches to development have differed, with connectionist approaches focused on learning processes and representations in cognitive tasks, and dynamic systems approaches focused on mathematical characterizations of physical elements of the system and their interactions with the environment. The two approaches also share much in common, such as their emphasis on continuous, nonlinear processes and their broad application to a range of behaviors.
178 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that nonfluent aphasic patients were impaired at judging regular stem and past-tense verbs like man/manned to be different, but equally poor at phonologically matched non-morphological discriminations like men/mend.
143 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that non-fluent aphasic patients were impaired at judging regular stem and past-tense verbs like man/manned to be different, but equally poor at phonologically matched non-morphological discriminations like men/mend.
19 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This work adapt familiar neural network formalisms to show how so-called irregular verbs can arise if the phonological content of word forms are constrained to support accurate communication of the word’s meaning and to be short or simple.
Abstract: The English past tense is a quasi-regular system, in that many of the irregular verbs share characteristics with regular items. Among high-frequency exceptions, in particular, several have the regular /d/ or /t/ ending but with either a reduction of the vowel (did, said) or a deletion of a stem consonant (had, made). Such forms suggest that many so-called irregular verbs reflect a joint influence of the systematic past-tense pattern captured in fully regular items together with a pressure to be short or simple. We adapt familiar neural network formalisms to show how such forms can arise if the phonological content of word forms are constrained (a) to support accurate communication of the word’s meaning and (b) to be
15 citations
TL;DR: It is not believed that connectionist models of the type proposed by M&P represent a promising direction, either for resolving the past-tense dispute, or for capturing the specific functional and neural architecture of the human language system.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a domain-general framework for cognition: What is the best approach? and developed a set of domain-specific models for the task of cognition, including the one proposed in this paper.
Abstract: 153 words Main Text: 4005 words References: 824 words Total Text: 5332 words (includes above plus footnotes) Developing a domain-general framework for cognition: What is the best approach? James L. McClelland Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University 115 Mellon Institute Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA +1-412-268-3157 (for correspondence) jlm@cnbc.cmu.edu http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~jlm David C. Plaut Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA plaut@cmu.edu http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~plaut Stephen J. Gotts Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University and Laboratory of Neuropsychology NIMH/NIH Building 49, Suite 1B-80 49 Convent Drive Bethesda, MD 20892 USA gotts@nih.gov http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~gotts Tiago V. Maia Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Page 1 of 11 Developing a domain-general framework for cognition: What is the best approach? 7/21/2003 http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~jlm/papers/bbsrep_final.html tmaia@andrew.cmu.edu http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~tmaia
10 citations