© 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1242

/pdf/the-galah-survey-third-data-release-2r8esvv4hi.pdf

The GALAH+ survey: Third data release

TESS is finding transiting planet candidates around bright, nearby stars across the entire sky. The large field-of-view, however, results in low spatial resolution, therefore multiple stars contribute to almost every TESS light curve. High-angular resolution imaging can detect the previously unknown companions to planetary candidate hosts that dilute the transit depths, lead to host star ambiguity, and in some cases are the source of false-positive transit signals. We use speckle imaging on SOAR to search for companions to 542 TESS planet candidate hosts in the Southern sky. We provide correction factors for the 117 systems with resolved companions due to photometric contamination. The contamination in TESS due to close binaries is similar to that found in surveys of Kepler planet candidates. For the solar-type population, we find a deep deficit of close binary systems with projected stellar separations less than 100 AU among planet candidate hosts (44 observed binaries compared to 124 expected based on field binary statistics). The close binary suppression among TESS planet candidate hosts is similar to that seen for the more distant Kepler population. We also find a large surplus of the TESS planet candidates in wide binary systems, detected in both SOAR and Gaia DR2 (119 observed binaries compared to 77 expected). These wide binaries host almost exclusively giant planets, however, suggesting orbital migration, caused by perturbations from the stellar companion, may lead to planet-planet scattering and suppress the population of small planets in wide binaries. Both trends are also apparent in the M-dwarf planet candidate hosts.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab55e9/pdf

SOAR TESS Survey. I. Sculpting of TESS Planetary Systems by Stellar Companions

We present 2241 exoplanet candidates identified with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its 2 yr Prime Mission. We list these candidates in the TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Catalog, which includes both new planet candidates found by TESS and previously known planets recovered by TESS observations. We describe the process used to identify TOIs, investigate the characteristics of the new planet candidates, and discuss some notable TESS planet discoveries. The TOI catalog includes an unprecedented number of small planet candidates around nearby bright stars, which are well suited for detailed follow-up observations. The TESS data products for the Prime Mission (sectors 1-26), including the TOI catalog, light curves, full-frame images, and target pixel files, are publicly available at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

/pdf/the-tess-objects-of-interest-catalog-from-the-tess-prime-ftuonamzbd.pdf

The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission

We present calculations of the occurrence rate of small close-in planets around low mass dwarf stars using the known planet populations from the $Kepler$ and $K2$ missions. Applying completeness corrections clearly reveals the radius valley in the maximum a-posteriori occurrence rates as a function of orbital separation and planet radius. We measure the slope of the valley to be $r_{p,\text{valley}} \propto F^{-0.060\pm 0.025}$ which bears the opposite sign from that measured around Sun-like stars thus suggesting that thermally driven atmospheric mass loss may not dominate the evolution of planets in the low stellar mass regime or that we are witnessing the emergence of a separate channel of planet formation. The latter notion is supported by the relative occurrence of rocky to non-rocky planets increasing from $0.5\pm 0.1$ around mid-K dwarfs to $8.5\pm 4.6$ around mid-M dwarfs. Furthermore, the center of the radius valley at $1.54\pm 0.16$ R$_{\oplus}$ is shown to shift to smaller sizes with decreasing stellar mass in agreement with physical models of photoevaporation, core-powered mass loss, and gas-poor formation. Although current measurements are insufficient to robustly identify the dominant formation pathway of the radius valley, such inferences may be obtained by $TESS$ with $\mathcal{O}(85,000)$ mid-to-late M dwarfs observed with 2-minute cadence. The measurements presented herein also precisely designate the subset of planetary orbital periods and radii that should be targeted in radial velocity surveys to resolve the rocky to non-rocky transition around low mass stars.

Evolution of the Radius Valley around Low-mass Stars from Kepler and K2

A.W.M. was supported through NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (80NSSC19K0583). M.L.W. was supported by a grant through NASA's K2 GO program (80NSSC19K0097). This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE-1650116 to P.C.T. A.V.'s work was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. D.D. acknowledges support from NASA through Caltech/JPL grant RSA-1006130 and through the TESS Guest Investigator Program grant 80NSSC19K1727.

/pdf/tess-hunt-for-young-and-maturing-exoplanets-thyme-iii-a-two-y5ovpeou7u.pdf

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) III: a two-planet system in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Group

We describe the catalogs assembled and the algorithms used to populate the revised TESS Input Catalog (TIC), based on the incorporation of the Gaia second data release. We also describe a revised ranking system for prioritizing stars for 2-minute cadence observations, and assemble a revised Candidate Target List (CTL) using that ranking. The TIC is available on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) server, and an enhanced CTL is available through the Filtergraph data visualization portal system at the URL this http URL.

/pdf/the-revised-tess-input-catalog-and-candidate-target-list-52vvm6t5ht.pdf

The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List.

/pdf/the-revised-tess-input-catalog-and-candidate-target-list-2j73vmnaxh.pdf

The revised TESS Input Catalog and candidate target list

We used Bands 6 and 7 of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Cycles 7 and 8 to search for $\mathrm{CO}\,(3-2)$ emission from a sample of five fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies discovered by the Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients (CRAFT) survey and the Fast and Fortunate for FRB Follow-up (F$^4$) team. These galaxies have redshifts $z \approx 0.16-0.48$, masses log$(M_{\rm star}/M_{\odot})\approx 9.30-10.4$ characteristic of field galaxies, and emission lines indicative of ongoing star formation. We detected three of the five galaxies with luminosities $L'(3-2)\approx0.2-4\times10^8\,\rm K\,km \, s^{-1}\,pc^2$ and set upper limits for the other two. Adopting standard metallicity-dependent CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factors, we estimate molecular gas masses $M_{\rm gas}\approx 0.2-3\times 10^9 \, M_{\odot}$. As a population, FRB host galaxies track the main $M_{\rm star}-M_{\rm gas}$ locus of star-forming galaxies in the present-day universe, with gas fractions of $\mu_{\rm gas}\approx0.1$ and gas depletion times $t_{\rm dep} \gtrapprox 1\,$Gyr. We employ the Kaplan-Meier estimator to compare the redshift-corrected $\mu_{\rm gas}$ and $t_{\rm dep}$ for all known FRB hosts with measurements or upper limits with those from the xCOLD GASS survey and find statistically different gas fractions. The difference is not statistically significant when we consider only the five hosts studied here with consistently determined properties, suggesting more FRB hosts with measured molecular gas masses are needed to robustly study the population. Lastly, we present a multi-wavelength analysis of one host (HG20180924B) combining high-spatial resolution imaging and integral field spectroscopy to demonstrate that future high-resolution observations will allow us to study the host galaxy environments local to the FRBs.

Jay Chittidi

Papers

The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List.

The revised TESS Input Catalog and candidate target list

Constraining the Molecular Gas Content of Fast Radio Burst (FRB) Host Galaxies