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Silica aerogel; synthesis, properties and characterization

This paper presents a review of scattering and absorption of light by fractal aggregates. The aggregates are typically diffusion limited cluster aggregates (DLCA) with fractal dimensions of D

https://www.phys.ksu.edu/personal/sor/publications/2001/light.pdf

Light Scattering by Fractal Aggregates: A Review

Challenges associated with Penetration of Nanoparticles across Cell and Tissue Barriers: A Review of Current Status and Future Prospects.

We attempt a classification of different colloidal gels based on colloid‐ colloid interactions. We discriminate primarily between non-equilibrium and equilibrium routes to gelation, the former case being slaved to thermodynamic phase separation while the latter is individuated in the framework of competing interactions and of patchy colloids. Emphasis is put on recent numerical simulations of colloidal gelation and their connection to experiments. Finally, we underline typical signatures of different gel types, to be looked at, in more detail, in experiments. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/19/32/323101/pdf

Colloidal gels: equilibrium and non-equilibrium routes

The structure of aggregates formed upon heat-induced denaturation of β-lactoglobulin at pH 7.0 and 0.1 M ammonium acetate is studied by dynamic and static light scattering and SANS. The internal structure and size distribution of the aggregates in found to be independent of the heating conditions (70 and 76°C) and concentration (0.4, 2.0, 10, 30 g/L). The aggregates are self-similar down to a length scale of about 5 nm with a fractal dimension d f =2.02±0.02. The experimental results are compatible with a power law aggregation number distribution with an exponential cutoff at a characteristic aggregation number s * : n(s)∞s -1 exp(-s/s * )

Structure and distribution of aggregates formed after heat-induced denaturation of globular proteins

β -lactoglobulin is a globular protein which aggregates after a heat-induced denaturation. It may be considered as a good model system to investigate the processes of aggregation, gelation and phase separation which play a major role in the chemical physics of complex systems. We present here the main results of an extensive study of the denaturation of this protein in various experimental conditions: pH, ionic strength, concentration, temperature, and presence or not of polyoside. The structure and distribution of β -lactoglobulin aggregates were characterized by dynamic and static light scattering, small angle neutron scattering and size exclusion chromatography. Microscopy was used to study the effect of phase separation on the morphology. The competition between phase separation and aggregation/gelation process is discussed.

Aggregation, gelation and phase separation of heat denatured globular proteins

Transition between flocculation and percolation of a diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation process using three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation.

How to design the surface of peptide-loaded nanoparticles for efficient oral bioavailability? ☆

A two-step mechanism for β-lactoglobulin aggregation at pH7 has been reported in the literature. The first aggregation step is difficult to characterise, as small particles are formed with a strong tendency to further associate in bigger aggregates. Experimental evidence for a two-step aggregation process, using scattering techniques and size exclusion chromatography, is shown here. The effect of the ionic strength, the protein concentration and the heating temperature is discussed. The results show that the first step consists in the formation of small globular aggregates, whose size are only weakly, if at all, influenced by the parameters mentioned above.

/pdf/experimental-evidence-for-a-two-step-process-in-the-38202rjqup.pdf

Jean-Christophe Gimel

Papers

Structure and distribution of aggregates formed after heat-induced denaturation of globular proteins

Aggregation, gelation and phase separation of heat denatured globular proteins

Transition between flocculation and percolation of a diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation process using three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation.

How to design the surface of peptide-loaded nanoparticles for efficient oral bioavailability? ☆

Experimental evidence for a two-step process in the aggregation of β-lactoglobulin at pH 7