Jeongmin Song

TL;DR: The atomic structure of typhoid toxin is presented, which shows an unprecedented A2B5 organization with two covalently linked A subunits non-covalently associated to a pentameric B subunit that provides insight into the toxin’s receptor-binding specificity and delivery mechanisms and reveals how the activities of two powerful toxins have been co-opted into a single, unique toxin.

TL;DR: Type 1 fimbriated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) circumvents the bladder barrier by harboring in these Rab27b/CD63-positive and cAMP-regulatable fusiform vesicles within bladder epithelial cells (BECs).

TL;DR: Examination of intracellular signaling events in human BECs leading to the production of IL-6, a major urinary cytokine, following activation by Escherichia coli and isolated LPS observed that in addition to the classical NF-κB–associated pathway, TLR4 triggers a distinct and more rapid signaling response involving cAMP, and a transcriptional factor, cAMP response element–binding protein.

TL;DR: It is found that immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) γc (-/-) mice engrafted with human fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are able to support S. Typhi replication and persistent infection.

TL;DR: It is reported that expulsion of intracellular E. coli by infected BECs is initiated by the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, after activation by LPS, and it is revealed that caveolin-1, Rab27b, PKA, and MyRIP are components of the exocytic compartment, and that they form a complex involved in theExocytosis of bacteria.