Recent Progress on 2D Noble-Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) are a recently proposed state of quantum matter that have attracted increasing attention in physics and materials science. A 3D TDS is not only a bulk analogue of graphene; it also exhibits non-trivial topology in its electronic structure that shares similarities with topological insulators. Moreover, a TDS can potentially be driven into other exotic phases (such as Weyl semimetals, axion insulators and topological superconductors), making it a unique parent compound for the study of these states and the phase transitions between them. Here, by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we directly observe a pair of 3D Dirac fermions in Cd3As2, proving that it is a model 3D TDS. Compared with other 3D TDSs, for example, β-cristobalite BiO2 (ref. 3) and Na3Bi (refs 4, 5), Cd3As2 is stable and has much higher Fermi velocities. Furthermore, by in situ doping we have been able to tune its Fermi energy, making it a flexible platform for exploring exotic physical phenomena.

https://absimage.aps.org/image/MAR15/MWS_MAR15-2014-003558.pdf

ARPES study on a stable three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2

Near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR OPDs) own some unique properties such as tailorable optoelectronic properties, ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and operation at...

Exploration of Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their tunable bandgaps, strong interaction with light and tremendous capability for developing diverse van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with other materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) atomic layers which exhibit high carrier mobility and optical transparency are very suitable for developing ultra-broadband photodetectors to be used from surveillance and healthcare to optical communication. This review provides a brief introduction to TMD-based photodetectors, exclusively focused on MoS2-based photodetectors. The current research advances show that the photoresponse of atomic layered MoS2 can be significantly improved by boosting its charge carrier mobility and incident light absorption via forming MoS2 based plasmonic nanostructures, halide perovskites–MoS2 heterostructures, 2D–0D MoS2/quantum dots (QDs) and 2D–2D MoS2 hybrid vdWHs, chemical doping, and surface functionalization of MoS2 atomic layers. By utilizing these different integration strategies, MoS2 hybrid heterostructure-based photodetectors exhibited remarkably high photoresponsivity raging from mA W−1 up to 1010 A W−1, detectivity from 107 to 1015 Jones and a photoresponse time from seconds (s) to nanoseconds (10−9 s), varying by several orders of magnitude from deep-ultraviolet (DUV) to the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. The flexible photodetectors developed from MoS2-based hybrid heterostructures with graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TMDs, and ZnO are also discussed. In addition, strain-induced and self-powered MoS2 based photodetectors have also been summarized. The factors affecting the figure of merit of a very wide range of MoS2-based photodetectors have been analyzed in terms of their photoresponsivity, detectivity, response speed, and quantum efficiency along with their measurement wavelengths and incident laser power densities. Conclusions and the future direction are also outlined on the development of MoS2 and other 2D TMD-based photodetectors.

/pdf/a-review-of-molybdenum-disulfide-mos2-based-photodetectors-5dugidies6.pdf

A review of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based photodetectors: from ultra-broadband, self-powered to flexible devices

In this work, a sensitive deep ultraviolet (DUV) light photodetector based on inorganic and lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 crystalline film derived by a solution method was reported. Optoelectronic characterization revealed that the perovskite device exhibited nearly no sensitivity to visible illumination with wavelength of 405 nm but exhibited pronounced sensitivity to both DUV and UV light illumination with response speeds of 26.2/49.9 ms for rise/fall time. The Ilight/Idark ratio could reach 127. What is more, the responsivity and specific detectivity were calculated to be 64.9 mA W-1 and 6.9 × 1011 Jones, respectively. In addition, the device could keep its photoresponsivity after storage in air environment for a month. It is also found that the capability of Cs3Cu2I5 crystalline film device can readily record still DUV image with acceptable resolution. The above results confirm that the DUV photodetector may hold great potential for future DUV optoelectronic device and systems.

Sensitive Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector and Image Sensor Composed of Inorganic Lead-Free Cs3Cu2I5 Perovskite with Wide Bandgap.

Design strategies for two-dimensional material photodetectors to enhance device performance

A graphene-semiconductor heterojunction is very attractive for realizing highly sensitive phototransistors due to the strong absorption of the semiconductor layer and the fast charge transport in the graphene. However, the photoresponse is usually limited to a narrow spectral range determined by the bandgap of the semiconductor. Here, an organic heterojunction (C60 /pentacene) is incorporated on graphene to realize a broadband (405-1550 nm) phototransistor with a high gain of 5.2 × 105 and a response time down to 275 µs. The visible and near-infrared parts of the photoresponsivity (9127 A W-1 @650 nm and 1800 A W-1 @808 nm) come from the absorption of the organic layer and the graphene, respectively. For the first time, a bi-directional (positive and negative) photoresponse is demonstrated at different wavelengths, due to the opposite charge transfer direction of the photoexcited carriers enforced by the unique band alignment. Such tunability will enable new functionalities such as large-scale real-time optical image and infrared focal plane array detection in the future.

Graphene/Organic Semiconductor Heterojunction Phototransistors with Broadband and Bi-directional Photoresponse.

3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2, as an ideal candidate photosensitive material, has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent characteristics of high carrier mobility and zero band gap. Although photodetector based on Cd3As2 crystal material has been made, there are still huge significances for the utilization of Cd3As2 thin film in commercial devices. In this paper, we demonstrated a wide-band photodetector based on heterojunction of Cd3As2 thin film and pentacene for the first time. This photodetector can detect the radiation wavelength from 450 nm (visible region) to 10600 nm (long wave infrared region) at room temperature, exhibiting high current responsivity (36.15 mA/W) and external quantum efficiency (7.29%) at 650 nm, of which Ri is more than six times as high as previously reported that of crystalline Cd3As2 devices. Most interestingly, the far-infrared current responsivity of this detector at 10600 nm can reach 1.55 mA/W, which is extremely difficult for other 2D material detectors. Overall,...

Enhanced Performance of Wideband Room Temperature Photodetector Based on Cd3As2 Thin Film/Pentacene Heterojunction

Ultrahigh Stability 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 Thin Film Heterojunction Infrared Photodetector at Optical Communication Waveband

The intriguing carrier dynamics in graphene heterojunctions have stimulated great interest in modulating the optoelectronic features to realize high-performance photodetectors. However, for most phototransistors, the photoresponse characteristics are modulated with an electrical gate or a static field. In this paper, we demonstrate a graphene/C60/pentacene vertical phototransistor to tune both the photoresponse time and photocurrent based on light modulation. By exploiting the power-dependent multiple states of the photocurrent, remarkable logical photocurrent switching under infrared light modulation occurs in a thick C60 layer (11 nm) device, which implies competition of the photogenerated carriers between graphene/C60 and C60/pentacene. Meanwhile, we observe a complete positive-negative alternating process under continuous 405 nm irradiation. Furthermore, infrared light modulation of a thin C60 (5 nm) device results in a photoresponsivity improvement from 3425 A/W up to 7673 A/W, and we clearly probe the primary reason for the distinct modulation results between the 5 and 11 nm C60 devices. In addition, the tuneable bandwidth of the infrared response from 10 to 3 × 103 Hz under visible light modulation is explored. Such distinct types of optical modulation phenomena and logical photocurrent inversion characteristics pave the way for future tuneable logical photocurrent switching devices and high-performance phototransistors with vertical graphene heterojunction structures.

/pdf/light-modulated-vertical-heterojunction-phototransistors-3b2gqev06c.pdf

Jiayue Han

Papers

Design strategies for two-dimensional material photodetectors to enhance device performance

Graphene/Organic Semiconductor Heterojunction Phototransistors with Broadband and Bi-directional Photoresponse.

Enhanced Performance of Wideband Room Temperature Photodetector Based on Cd3As2 Thin Film/Pentacene Heterojunction

Ultrahigh Stability 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 Thin Film Heterojunction Infrared Photodetector at Optical Communication Waveband

Light-modulated vertical heterojunction phototransistors with distinct logical photocurrents