The skin barrier function has been attributed to the stratum corneum and represents a major challenge in clinical practice pertaining to cutaneous administration of drugs. Despite this, a large number of bioactive compounds have been successfully administered via cutaneous administration because of advances in the design of topical and transdermal formulations. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of these novel drug delivery systems are necessary to characterize their quality and efficacy. This review covers the most well-known methods for assessing the cutaneous absorption of drugs as an auxiliary tool for pharmaceutical formulation scientists in the design of drug delivery systems. In vitro methods as skin permeation assays using Franz-type diffusion cells, cutaneous retention and tape-stripping methods to study the cutaneous penetration of drugs, and in vivo evaluations as pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies in animal models are discussed. Alternative approaches to cutaneous microdialysis are also covered. Recent advances in research on skin absorption of drugs and the effect of skin absorption enhancers, as investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman confocal microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, are reviewed.

https://www.revistas.usp.br/bjps/article/download/128351/125223

Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations

Hierarchical targeted hepatocyte mitochondrial multifunctional chitosan nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery.

Protein-lipid nanohybrids as emerging platforms for drug and gene delivery: Challenges and outcomes.

Ethanol injection technique for liposomes formulation: An insight into development, influencing factors, challenges and applications

Brucine, a weak alkaline indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of Nux-vomica. Modern pharmacology studies and clinical practice demonstrate that brucine possesses wide pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and the effects on cardiovascular system and nervous system, etc. However, its central nervous system toxicity severely limits its clinical application. Herein, the physicochemical properties, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of brucine were reviewed, and the novel strategies to address the toxicity issues were discussed, aiming to bring new insights into further research and application of this active component.

/pdf/brucine-a-review-of-phytochemistry-pharmacology-and-o6t4k6xqdy.pdf

Brucine: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.

Characterization of 9-nitrocamptothecin-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes modified with transferrin for the treating of tumor

Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of brucine following transdermal administration

The invention provides a compound phosphatide transfer body with high deformability. The compound phosphatide transfer body with high deformability comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts of a surfactant, 1-10 parts of dipalmitoyl phosphorylcholine and 1-10 parts of dimyristoyl phosphorylcholine, wherein the surfactant is selected from sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, Twain and Span; the molar ratio of the dipalmitoyl phosphorylcholine to the dimyristoyl phosphorylcholine is (1: 1)-(1: 6); and the compound phosphatide transfer body with high deformability can be prepared by adopting any method of preparing lipidosome. Compared with the frequently-used granulesten and lecithin transfer bodies in the prior art, the deformability of the provided compound phosphatide transfer body is improved remarkably, the stability of a carrier is also improved remarkably, and the capability of a packaged drug of passing through a skin barrier is finally and remarkably improved, i.e. the percutaneous penetration effect is improved. By applying the transfer body technology to the transdermal drug delivery preparation, the capability of the drug of passing through a horny layer is improved obviously, and the drug effect can be improved obviously.

Jie Dong

Papers

Characterization of 9-nitrocamptothecin-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes modified with transferrin for the treating of tumor

Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of brucine following transdermal administration

Compound phosphatide transfer body with high deformability and application thereof in preparing transdermal drug delivery preparation