다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Fibre lasers in the mid-infrared regime are useful for a diverse range of fields, including chemical and biomedical sensing, military applications and materials processing. This Review summarizes the different rare-earth cations and host materials used in mid-infrared fibre laser technology, and discusses the future applications and challenges for the field.

Towards high-power mid-infrared emission from a fibre laser

Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review

Fiber lasers have seen progressive developments in terms of spectral coverage and linewidth, output power, pulse energy, and ultrashort pulse width since the first demonstration of a glass fiber laser in 1964. Their applications have extended into a variety of fields accordingly. In this paper, the milestones of glass fiber laser development are briefly reviewed and recent advances of high-power continuous wave, Q-switched, mode-locked, and single-frequency fiber lasers in the 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm regions and their applications in such areas as industry, medicine, research, defense, and security are addressed in detail.

Fiber lasers and their applications [Invited]

In this review we discuss the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of detection of residues of explosives. Research in this area presented in open literature is reviewed. Both laboratory and field-tested standoff LIBS instruments have been used to detect explosive materials. Recent advances in instrumentation and data analysis techniques are discussed, including the use of double-pulse LIBS to reduce air entrainment in the analytical plasma and the application of advanced chemometric techniques such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis to discriminate between residues of explosives and non-explosives on various surfaces. A number of challenges associated with detection of explosives residues using LIBS have been identified, along with their possible solutions. Several groups have investigated methods for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for detection of explosives, including the use of femtosecond-pulse lasers, supplemental enhancement of the laser-induced plasma emission, and complementary orthogonal techniques. Despite the associated challenges, researchers have demonstrated the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of explosives residues: a review of recent advances, challenges, and future prospects

A pulsed, 2-m coherent Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) / Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) transceiver, developed under the Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) at NASA, is integrated into a fully functional lidar instrument. This instrument will measure atmospheric CO2 profiles (by DIAL) initially from a ground platform, and then be prepared for aircraft installation to measure the atmospheric CO2 column densities in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and lower troposphere. The airborne prototype CO2 lidar can measure atmospheric CO2 column density in a range bin of 1km with better than 1.5% precision at horizontal resolution of less than 50km. It can provide the image of the pooling of CO2 in lowlying areas and performs nighttime mass balance measurements at landscape scale. This sensor is unique in its capability to study the vertical ABL-free troposphere exchange of CO2 directly. It will allow the investigators to pursue subsequent in science-driven deployments, and provides a unique tool for Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Night, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) validation that was strongly advocated in the recent ASCENDS Workshop.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20100025999/downloads/20100025999.pdf

Development of a Coherent Differential Absorption Lidar for Range Resolved Atmospheric CO2 Measurements

A master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) at the eye-safe spectral range has potential applications in space-based coherent Doppler lidars and C 0 2 Differential Absorption Lidars (DIALS) [ 1-31, They can be also used as great pump sources for optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) in the mid-infmed spectral region [4]. A Tm:Ho:LuLF laser crystal has similar absorption and emission properties but higher laser energy levels, compared to a Tm:Ho:YLF laser crystal, so a Tm:Ho:LuLF master-oscillator-power-amplifier is expected to provide more output pulse energy. This paper reports the work undertaken in laboratory to develop a Tm:Ho:LuLF master-oscillator-poweramplifier (MOPA) at 2.05 pm.

A diode-pumped Tm:Ho: LuLF master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) at 2.05 m

It remains unclear whether stress hyperglycemia is associated with delirium. We performed this cohort study to determine the association between stress hyperglycemia and delirium.We consecutively enrolled patients aged ≥70 years who were admitted to the Geriatric Department of West China Hospital between March 2016 and July 2017. Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was calculated as fasting blood glucose divided by estimated average glucose derived from glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and was classified into three tertiles. Delirium was screened within 24 h of admission and three times daily thereafter, using the confusion assessment method. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of SHR with delirium.Among 487 included patients (mean age 83.0 years, 72.0% male), 50 (10.3%) patients experienced delirium during hospitalization. Compared to the second tertile, both the lowest and the highest SHR tertiles were independently associated with delirium (hazard ratio [HR] 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-9.51; and HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.29-6.81, respectively). Similar results were found after further adjusting for statin comedication. Multiple-adjusted restricted cubic splines revealed a nonlinear relationship between SHR and delirium (Pnonlinearity=0.04). Adding SHR to conventional risk factors improved the risk prediction of delirium (net reclassification index 0.39, P=0.01; integrated discrimination improvement 0.07, P=0.03). Subgroup analyses indicated that the relationship between SHR and delirium was more apparent in patients with HbA1c <6.5%, with significantly higher HR in the first (3.65, 95% CI 1.11-11.97) and third (3.13, 95% CI 1.13-8.72) SHR tertiles compared to the second tertile, while there was no significant association between SHR and delirium in those with HbA1c ≥6.5%.Both lower and higher SHR were associated with increased risk of delirium but only in patients with HbA1c <6.5%. Admission SHR may serve as a promising predictor of delirium, and incorporating this biomarker into prediction algorithms might have potential clinical utility in aiding delirium risk stratification, especially in those with HbA1c <6.5%. 

/pdf/association-between-stress-hyperglycemia-ratio-and-delirium-gs5dukht.pdf

Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and delirium in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study

An advanced airborne triple-pulse 2-μm integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar is under development at NASA Langley Research Center that targets both carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water vapor (H2 O) measurements simultaneously and independently. This lidar is an upgrade to the successfully demonstrated CO2 2-μm double-pulse IPDA. Upgrades include high-energy, highrepetition rate 2-μm triple-pulse laser transmitter, innovative wavelength control and advanced HgCdTe (MCT) electron-initiated avalanche photodiode detection system. Ground testing and airborne validation plans are presented.

/pdf/development-of-an-advanced-two-micron-triple-pulse-ipda-3ikfl14o4g.pdf

Development of an advanced Two-Micron triple-pulse IPDA lidar for carbon dioxide and water vapor measurements

This presentation will give an overview of 2-micron pulsed laser and lidar developments to enable global winds and atmospheric greenhouse gases measurements for weather, wind energy, climate and global warming studies.

https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=E2-2014-EF4A.1&seq=0

Jirong Yu

Papers

Development of a Coherent Differential Absorption Lidar for Range Resolved Atmospheric CO2 Measurements

A diode-pumped Tm:Ho: LuLF master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) at 2.05 m

Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and delirium in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study

Development of an advanced Two-Micron triple-pulse IPDA lidar for carbon dioxide and water vapor measurements

Development of 2-micron Lasers and Lidars for 3D Wind and Carbon Dioxide Measurement