다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Fibre lasers in the mid-infrared regime are useful for a diverse range of fields, including chemical and biomedical sensing, military applications and materials processing. This Review summarizes the different rare-earth cations and host materials used in mid-infrared fibre laser technology, and discusses the future applications and challenges for the field.

Towards high-power mid-infrared emission from a fibre laser

Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review

Fiber lasers have seen progressive developments in terms of spectral coverage and linewidth, output power, pulse energy, and ultrashort pulse width since the first demonstration of a glass fiber laser in 1964. Their applications have extended into a variety of fields accordingly. In this paper, the milestones of glass fiber laser development are briefly reviewed and recent advances of high-power continuous wave, Q-switched, mode-locked, and single-frequency fiber lasers in the 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm regions and their applications in such areas as industry, medicine, research, defense, and security are addressed in detail.

Fiber lasers and their applications [Invited]

In this review we discuss the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of detection of residues of explosives. Research in this area presented in open literature is reviewed. Both laboratory and field-tested standoff LIBS instruments have been used to detect explosive materials. Recent advances in instrumentation and data analysis techniques are discussed, including the use of double-pulse LIBS to reduce air entrainment in the analytical plasma and the application of advanced chemometric techniques such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis to discriminate between residues of explosives and non-explosives on various surfaces. A number of challenges associated with detection of explosives residues using LIBS have been identified, along with their possible solutions. Several groups have investigated methods for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for detection of explosives, including the use of femtosecond-pulse lasers, supplemental enhancement of the laser-induced plasma emission, and complementary orthogonal techniques. Despite the associated challenges, researchers have demonstrated the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of explosives residues: a review of recent advances, challenges, and future prospects

We report a high pulse energy singly resonant ZnGeP2 OPO, pumped by a Q-switched Ho:Tm:LuLiF4 2µm laser. It generates up to 17.3 mJ in the 4.3-10.1 µm ranges at conversion efficiency of 27.5%.

High pulse energy ZnGeP2 singly resonant OPO

Integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar is a remote sensing technique for monitoring different atmospheric species. The technique relies on wavelength differentiation between strong and weak absorbing features normalized to the transmitted energy. 2-μm double-pulsed IPDA lidar is best suited for atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements. In such case, the transmitter produces two successive laser pulses separated by short interval (200 μs), with low repetition rate (10Hz). Conventional laser energy monitors, based on thermal detectors, are suitable for low repetition rate single pulse lasers. Due to the short pulse interval in double-pulsed lasers, thermal energy monitors underestimate the total transmitted energy. This leads to measurement biases and errors in double-pulsed IPDA technique. The design and calibration of a 2-μm double-pulse laser energy monitor is presented. The design is based on a highspeed, extended range InGaAs pin quantum detectors suitable for separating the two pulse events. Pulse integration is applied for converting the detected pulse power into energy. Results are compared to a photo-electro-magnetic (PEM) detector for impulse response verification. Calibration included comparing the three detection technologies in singlepulsed mode, then comparing the pin and PEM detectors in double-pulsed mode. Energy monitor linearity will be addressed.

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Laser energy monitor for double-pulsed 2-μm IPDA lidar application

Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait has been proposed and validated as a pre‐dementia syndrome. The overall and specific ethnic prevalence of MCR and the associated factors are poorly understood in middle‐aged to older community‐dwelling residents in west China.

The prevalence and associated factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in multiple ethnic middle‐aged to older adults in west China: a cross‐sectional study

We demonstrate highly efficient diode-pumped single-frequency fiber laser with 35% slope efficiency and 50mW output power operating near 2 micrometers, which generated from a 2-cm long piece of highly Tm(3+)-doped germanate glass fiber pumped at 800nm.

Efficient Single-Frequency Thulium Doped Fiber Laser Near 2-micrometers

It has been realized that eye-safe 2-µ m all-solid-state lasers are important laser sources for an accurate measurement of the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere. Served as laser transmitters, they can be integrated into ground-based, airborne-base, and spaceborne-based CO 2 Differential Absorption Lidars (DIALs) to accomplish the measurement. In addition, the lasers are also ideal laser pumping sources for a ZnGeP 2 (ZGP) Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) or an Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA) to achieve tunable laser output in 3~5 µ m. In this spectrum region, the other important greenhouse gases, water vapor (H 2 O), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH 4 ) in the atmosphere can be measured. In this paper, we report a diode-pumped, double-pulsed, Q-switched, eye-safe Ho:Tm:LuLF laser at 2.05 µ m developed for ground-based and airborne-based CO 2 Differential Absorption Lidars (DIALs). The technology can be easily transferred to a space-borne CO 2 DIAL in the future. The total output pulse energy of the laser is 220 mJ and 204 mJ per pair of pulses at 2 Hz and at 10 Hz respectively. The related optical energy conversion efficiency is 6.7% and 5.9% respectively. Keywords: Diode pumped laser, 2- µ m lasers, Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) 1. INTRODUCTION It has been recognized that the CO

Jirong Yu

Papers

High pulse energy ZnGeP2 singly resonant OPO

Laser energy monitor for double-pulsed 2-μm IPDA lidar application

The prevalence and associated factors of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in multiple ethnic middle‐aged to older adults in west China: a cross‐sectional study

Efficient Single-Frequency Thulium Doped Fiber Laser Near 2-micrometers

Diode-pumped double-pulsed Ho:Tm:LuLF laser at 2.05 μm for CO 2 differential absorption lidar (DIAL)