Joanne Luoto

TL;DR: No association was found between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV acquisition overall, which is reassuring for women needing effective contraception in settings of high HIV prevalence, however, hormonal contraceptive users who were HSV-2 seronegative had an increased risk of HIV acquisition.

TL;DR: The gel with the lowest amount of nonoxynol-9 was less effective than the 2 higher-dose gels and formulation did not significantly affect pregnancy risk.

TL;DR: All five nonoxynol-9 (N-9) spermicides were considered acceptable by most users and did not appear to influence spermicide use or pregnancy risk.

TL;DR: Characteristics of participants who failed to complete seven months of planned participation in a trial of spermicide efficacy were explored, finding that failure to complete is a major problem in barrier method trials that seriously compromises the interpretation of results.

TL;DR: No association was found between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV acquisition overall, which is reassuring for women needing effective contraception in settings of high HIV prevalence, however, hormonal contraceptive users who were HSV-2 seronegative had an increased risk of HIV acquisition.