http://www.people.vcu.edu/~mreimers/SysBio/Li%20-%20Role%20of%20chromatin%20in%20transcription.pdf

The Role of Chromatin during Transcription

https://www.chem.uwec.edu/Chem412_S05/Pages/presentations/giesemc/Shi_et_al_2004.pdf

Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog lsd1

E3 ligases confer specificity to ubiquitination by recognizing target substrates and mediating transfer of ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitinconjugating enzyme to substrate. The activity of most E3s is specified by a RING domain, which binds to an E2∼ubiquitin thioester and activates discharge of its ubiquitin cargo. E2-E3 complexes can either monoubiquitinate a substrate lysine or synthesize polyubiquitin chains assembled via different lysine residues of ubiquitin. These modifications can have diverse effects on the substrate, ranging from proteasome-dependent proteolysis to modulation of protein function, structure, assembly, and/or localization. Not surprisingly, RING E3mediated ubiquitination can be regulated in a number of ways. RING-based E3s are specified by over 600 human genes, surpassing the 518 protein kinase genes. Accordingly, RING E3s have been linked to the control of many cellular processes and to multiple human diseases. Despite their critical importance, our knowledge of the physiological partners, biological functions, substrates, and mechanism of action for most RING E3s remains at a rudimentary stage.

/pdf/ring-domain-e3-ubiquitin-ligases-2zqhjd6kca.pdf

RING Domain E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

http://basicmed.med.ncku.edu.tw/admin/up_img/970513-3.pdf

A Chromatin Landmark and Transcription Initiation at Most Promoters in Human Cells

Organisms require an appropriate balance of stability and reversibility in gene expression programmes to maintain cell identity or to enable responses to stimuli; epigenetic regulation is integral to this dynamic control. Post-translational modification of histones by methylation is an important and widespread type of chromatin modification that is known to influence biological processes in the context of development and cellular responses. To evaluate how histone methylation contributes to stable or reversible control, we provide a broad overview of how histone methylation is regulated and leads to biological outcomes. The importance of appropriately maintaining or reprogramming histone methylation is illustrated by its links to disease and ageing and possibly to transmission of traits across generations.

/pdf/histone-methylation-a-dynamic-mark-in-health-disease-and-53e9mgdnmh.pdf

Histone methylation: a dynamic mark in health, disease and inheritance

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/pdf/S1097-2765(03)00091-1.pdf

The Paf1 complex is required for histone H3 methylation by COMPASS and Dot1p: linking transcriptional elongation to histone methylation.

https://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/pdf/S1097-2765(02)00802-X.pdf

Bre1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for recruitment and substrate selection of Rad6 at a promoter.

SummaryResults and DiscussionUbiquitination of histone H2B catalyzed by Rad6 isrequired for methylation of histone H3 by COMPASS.Bre1 Is Required for the Proper Histone H3We identified Bre1 as the probable E3 for Rad6’s roleMethylation by COMPASSin transcription. Bre1 contains a C3HC4 (RING) finger To identify the E3 enzyme that directs Rad6 to modify andispresentwithRad6inacomplex.TheRINGfinger histone H2B, we tested each of the 4800 nonessential of Bre1 is required for ubiquitination of histone H2B, yeast gene deletion mutants for methylation of lysine 4 methylation of lysine 4 and 79 of H3 and for telomeric of histone H3. We discovered that BRE1 ( YDL074c )is silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experimentsindicated that both Rad6 and Bre1 are recruited to a required for the methylation of the fourth lysine of his- promoter.Bre1isessentialforthisrecruitmentofRad6 tone H3 (Figure 1A) as described in the Experimental and is dedicated to the transcriptional pathway of Procedures.

Jonathan Heidt

Papers

The Paf1 complex is required for histone H3 methylation by COMPASS and Dot1p: linking transcriptional elongation to histone methylation.

Bre1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for recruitment and substrate selection of Rad6 at a promoter.

Short Article Bre1, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Recruitment and Substrate Selection of Rad6 at a Promoter