There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

We study the relaxation of ultra-cold bosons in one dimension. In a setting similar to the Newton's cradle experiment by Kinoshita et al.[Nature (London) 440, 900 (2006)], we excite the atoms to oscillate and collide in a 2D optical lattice of 1D tubes and observe the oscillations for up to 4.8 seconds (400 oscillations) with very little heating and loss. Tuning the initial distribution, we can probe the onset of relaxation in the cross over between 1D and 3D. Investigating the population of the transverse excited state by band mapping, we show that even for samples where the energy put into the system is initially not sufficient to excite transverse state, relaxation starts through a minimal (1%) seed of atoms in transverse excited states.

Dephasing and Relaxation of Bosons in 1D: Newton's Cradle Revisited

In this Letter we propose a robust quantum repeater architecture building on the original Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) protocol [L.-M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature (London) 414, 413 (2001)10.1038/35106500]. The architecture is based on two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference which relaxes the long-distance stability requirements by about 7 orders of magnitude, from subwavelength for the single photon interference required by DLCZ to the coherence length of the photons. Our proposal provides an exciting possibility for robust and realistic long-distance quantum communication.

General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. - Robust Creation of Entanglement between Remote Memory Qubits

This conference, held at Internationales Wissenschaftsforum, Heidelberg, Germany, from 4-8 April 2005, brought together physicists, chemists, and surface scientists from around the world to discuss advances in our understanding of how atoms and molecules interact with each other and with applied fields when they are near surfaces. The fields include static magnetic and electric fields as well as electromagnetic fields in the optical frequency range. This understanding is, of course, essential for the controlled manipulation of matter at the atomic scale by micro- and nanostructured devices. Several principal themes motivate the efforts of this interdisciplinary community: the fundamental physics of quantum degenerate gases near surfaces, the realisation of `atom chips' for the construction of quantum information gates and registers, the development of integrated `on chip' sources providing atoms on demand, the ability to control precision doping, at the atomic level, new molecular spectroscopies appearing under reduced dimensionality imposed by surfaces, and advances in STM and AFM `bottom up' construction of functional devices, starting from the fundamental atom building block. What follows here are the written CAMS proceedings based on the presentations, oral and poster, of the research pursued by the various participating groups. CAMS was organised and supported by FASTNet, Field-Atom-Surface Training Network, a 5th Framework Research and Training Network of the European Union. A sister network, ATOMCHIPS, also participated in the financial and scientific support of the conference. The CAMS workshop emphasised the participation of the young scientists, post-docs and pre-docs of the two networks. In addition financial support from the European Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The conference was held at the Internationales Wissenschaftsforum of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universit?t Heidelberg. The excellent facilities and the competent support of the professional staff, headed by Dr Theresa Reiter, managing director, created a genial environment for scientific discussion and exchange. Their invaluable assistance is also gratefully acknowledged.

Conference on Atoms and Molecules near Surfaces (CAMS)

We theoretically investigate the performance of atom interferometers based on ultracold atoms and atom chips. Within the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we simulate the splitting and trapping of a condensate. Within the two-mode model and the multi-configurational Hartree method for Bosons, we investigate number squeezing and its impact on the interferometer performance. We show that optimized control strategies allow for efficient condensate trapping and number squeezing on short time scales.

https://physik.uni-graz.at/~uxh/Publications/hohenester-fdp09.pdf

Optimizing atom interferometry on atom chips

We present experimental evidence for scale invariant behaviour of the excitation spectrum in phase-fluctuating quasi-1d Bose gases after a rapid change of the external trapping potential. Probing density correlations in free expansion, we find that the temperature of an initial thermal state scales with the spatial extension of the cloud as predicted by a model based on adiabatic rescaling of initial eigenmodes with conserved quasiparticle occupation numbers. Based on this result, we demonstrate that shortcuts to adiabaticity for the rapid expansion or compression of the gas do not induce additional heating.

Jörg Schmiedmayer

Papers

Dephasing and Relaxation of Bosons in 1D: Newton's Cradle Revisited

General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. - Robust Creation of Entanglement between Remote Memory Qubits

Conference on Atoms and Molecules near Surfaces (CAMS)

Optimizing atom interferometry on atom chips

Non-equilibrium scale invariance and shortcuts to adiabaticity in a one-dimensional Bose gas