6.2.2. Definition of Effective Properties 3064 6.3. Response Properties to Magnetic Fields 3066 6.3.1. Nuclear Shielding 3066 6.3.2. Indirect Spin−Spin Coupling 3067 6.3.3. EPR Parameters 3068 6.4. Properties of Chiral Systems 3069 6.4.1. Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) 3069 6.4.2. Optical Rotation (OR) 3069 6.4.3. VCD and VROA 3070 7. Continuum and Discrete Models 3071 7.1. Continuum Methods within MD and MC Simulations 3072

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Quantum mechanical continuum solvation models.

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Kenji Sumida, David L. Rogow, Jarad A. Mason, Thomas M. McDonald, Eric D. Bloch, Zoey R. Herm, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jeffrey R. Long

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks

The hydrogen bond is the most important of all directional intermolecular interactions. It is operative in determining molecular conformation, molecular aggregation, and the function of a vast number of chemical systems ranging from inorganic to biological. Research into hydrogen bonds experienced a stagnant period in the 1980s, but re-opened around 1990, and has been in rapid development since then. In terms of modern concepts, the hydrogen bond is understood as a very broad phenomenon, and it is accepted that there are open borders to other effects. There are dozens of different types of X-H.A hydrogen bonds that occur commonly in the condensed phases, and in addition there are innumerable less common ones. Dissociation energies span more than two orders of magnitude (about 0.2-40 kcal mol(-1)). Within this range, the nature of the interaction is not constant, but its electrostatic, covalent, and dispersion contributions vary in their relative weights. The hydrogen bond has broad transition regions that merge continuously with the covalent bond, the van der Waals interaction, the ionic interaction, and also the cation-pi interaction. All hydrogen bonds can be considered as incipient proton transfer reactions, and for strong hydrogen bonds, this reaction can be in a very advanced state. In this review, a coherent survey is given on all these matters.

The hydrogen bond in the solid state.

Palladium(0)-catalyzed preparation of 4-arylpyrazoles

The structure and electronic properties of the complexes formed by the interaction of imidazole and pyrazole with different BeXH(BeX2) (X = H, Me, F, Cl) derivatives have been investigated via B3LYP/6−311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6−31+G(d,p) calculations. The formation of these azole:BeXH(BeX2) complexes is accompanied by a dramatic enhancement of the intrinsic acidity of the azole, as the deprotonated azole is much more stable after the aforementioned interaction. Most importantly, the increase in acidity is so large that the azole:BeXH or azole:BeX2 complexes behave as NH acids, which are stronger than typical oxyacids such as phosphoric acid and oxalic acid. Interestingly, the increase in acidity can be tuned through appropriate selection of the substituents attached to the Be atom, permitting us to modulate the electron-accepting ability of the BeXH or BeX2 molecule.

Enhancing and modulating the intrinsic acidity of imidazole and pyrazole through beryllium bonds.

A Convenient Synthesis of N-Alkylacridanones Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis

Ab initio MP2/aug’-cc-pVTZ calculations have been performed on the binary complexes XY:PH3 for XY = ClCl, FCl, and FBr; and PH3:N-base for N-base = NCH, NH3, NCF, NCCN, and N2; and the corresponding ternary complexes XY:PH3:N-base, to investigate P···N pnicogen bond formation through the lone-pair hole at P in the binary complexes and P···N pnicogen-bond formation assisted by P···Y halogen bond formation through the σ-hole at Y. Although the binary complexes PH3:N-base that form through the lone-pair hole have very small binding energies, they are not equilibrium structures on their potential surfaces. The presence of the P···Y halogen bond makes PH3 a better electron-pair acceptor through its lone-pair hole, leading to stable ternary complexes XY:PH3:N-base. The halogen bonds in ClCl:PH3 and ClCl:PH3:NCCN are traditional halogen bonds, but in the remaining binary and ternary complexes, they are chlorine- or bromine-shared halogen bonds. For a given nitrogen base, the P···N pnicogen bond in the ternary co...

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Lone-Pair Hole on P: P···N Pnicogen Bonds Assisted by Halogen Bonds

Ab initio equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOM-CCSD) calculations have been performed on a set of 44 complexes to obtain one-bond H-Y spin-spin coupling constants ( 1 h J H - Y ) across X-H-Y hydrogen bonds, with Y as the second-period elements 1 5 N, 1 7 O, and 1 9 F For complexes with traditional hydrogen bonds, the reduced Fermi-contact terms and the reduced one-bond spin-spin coupling constants ( 1 h K H - Y ) are negative Since 1 K X - H has been shown previously to be positive, a change of sign of these two coupling constants must occur along the proton-transfer coordinate For complexes with symmetric X-H-X hydrogen bonds, the two reduced X-H coupling constants are equal and positive at equilibrium For complexes stabilized by hydrogen bonds that have some proton-shared character, both 1 h K H - Y and 1 K X - H are also positive The signs of all three reduced coupling constants ( 1 h K H - Y , 2 h K X - Y , and 1 K X - H ) that can arise between pairs of hydrogen-bonded atoms are interpreted in terms of the nuclear magnetic resonance triplet wave function model (NMRTWM) Determination of the signs of 1 h K H - Y and 1 K X - H could be useful for confirming the presence or absence of a proton-shared hydrogen bond

José Elguero

Papers

Palladium(0)-catalyzed preparation of 4-arylpyrazoles

Enhancing and modulating the intrinsic acidity of imidazole and pyrazole through beryllium bonds.

A Convenient Synthesis of N-Alkylacridanones Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis

Lone-Pair Hole on P: P···N Pnicogen Bonds Assisted by Halogen Bonds

Predicted Signs of One-Bond Spin−Spin Coupling Constants (1hJH-Y) across X−H−Y Hydrogen Bonds for Complexes with Y = 15N, 17O, and 19F