Juha M. Holopainen

TL;DR: The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED), biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED and recommended areas for future research.

TL;DR: These results are readily explained by 1) the lateral phase separation of ceramide enriched domains, 2) the area difference between the adjacent monolayers, 3) the negative spontaneous curvature, and 4) the augmented bending rigidity of the ceramide-containing domains, leading to membrane invagination and vesiculation of the bilayer.

TL;DR: The data show that the rapid enzymatic formation of ceramide under these conditions is followed by much slower reorganization process, resulting in the formation of microdomains enriched in this lipid.

TL;DR: Hydrogen-bonding analysis reveals that a large fraction of ethanols is involved in hydrogen bonds with lipids, which is intimately coupled to the ordering of hydrocarbon chains: it is found that binding to an ethanol decreases the order of the chains.

TL;DR: The novel spectrofluorometric assay introduced in this study provides a fast and repeatable technique to measure intralysosomal pH from cell suspensions and is one important factor in explaining accumulation of ceroid and lipofuscin-like autofluorescent lipopigments characteristic of NCLs.