This article intends to summarize our actual knowledge in plasma spraying with an emphasis on the points where work is still in progress. It presents successively: the plasma torches with the resulting plasma jets and their interactions with the surrounding environment; the powder injection with the heat, momentum and mass transfers between particles and first plasma jets and then plasma plume; the particles flattening and solidification, forming splats which then layer to form the coating; the latest developments related to the production of plasma sprayed finely structured coatings.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/37/9/R02/pdf

Understanding plasma spraying

Annual Book Of Astm Standards

Thermal plasma technology for the treatment of wastes: a critical review.

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Experimental Methods for Engineers

The interaction of plasmas with liquids is of increasing importance in biomedical applications. Tissues treated by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in plasma medicine are often covered by a thin layer of liquid, typically a blood serum like water with dissolved gases and proteins up to hundreds of micrometres thick. The liquid processes the plasma-produced radicals and ions prior to their reaching the tissue. In this paper, we report on a computational investigation of the interaction of DBDs in humid air with a thin water layer covering tissue. The water layer, 50–400 µm thick, contains dissolved O2aq (aq means an aqueous species) and alkane-like hydrocarbons (RHaq). In the model, the DBDs are operated with multiple pulses at 100 Hz followed by a 1 s afterglow. Gas phase reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) intersect the water-vapour saturated air above the liquid and then solvate when reaching the water. The photolysis of water by plasma-produced UV/VUV plays a significant role in the production of radicals. Without RHaq ,O − , ONOO − ,N O − and hydronium (H3O +) dominate the water ions with H3O + determining the pH. The dominant RONS in the liquid are O3aq ,H 2O2aq, and HNOxaq. Dissolved O2aq assists the production of HNO3aq and HOONOaq during the afterglow. With RHaq, reactive oxygen species are largely consumed, leaving an R·aq (alkyl radical) to reach the tissue. These results are sensitive to the thickness of the water layer.

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Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges interacting with liquid covered tissue

Microstructure, adhesion, microhardness, abrasive wear resistance and electrical resistivity of the plasma sprayed alumina and alumina–titania coatings

Thermal performance of a heat pipe with nanoparticles coated wick

A numerical model is developed to clarify three-dimensional effects of the radial injection of carrier gas and particles on the thermo-fluid fields of the plasma jet with and without swirl. The plasma-particle two-way interactions are modelled by coupling a Lagrangian approach for particle behaviour with an Eulerian approach for plasma flow under dense loading. The effect of radial injection of the carrier gas on the flow and temperature fields of the plasma jet with and without swirl is clarified by numerical simulation. The deformations of the plasma jet thermo-fluid fields caused by dense particle loading with and without turbulent dispersion of the particles are presented. It is shown that the high mass flow rate of the carrier gas affects plasma jet fields strongly and particle turbulent dispersion can control the deformation of the plasma jet fields. The given swirl flow reduces the momentum and energy transfers between plasma and particles.

Kandasamy Ramachandran

Papers

Microstructure, adhesion, microhardness, abrasive wear resistance and electrical resistivity of the plasma sprayed alumina and alumina–titania coatings

Thermal performance of a heat pipe with nanoparticles coated wick

Three-dimensional effects of carrier gas and particle injections on the thermo-fluid fields of plasma jets

Effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe

Numerical analysis of a screen mesh wick heat pipe with Cu/water nanofluid