Showing papers by "Katherine Gray-Donald published in 2015"
TL;DR: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study is a prospective cohort investigation of 1294 students recruited in 1999-2000 from all grade 7 classes in a convenience sample of 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada to study the natural course and determinants of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in novice smokers.
Abstract: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study is a prospective cohort investigation of 1294 students recruited in 1999–2000 from all grade 7 classes in a convenience sample of 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada. Its primary objectives were to study the natural course and determinants of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence in novice smokers. The main source of data was self-report questionnaires administered in class at school every 3 months from grade 7 to grade 11 (1999–2005), for a total of 20 survey cycles during high school education. Questionnaires were also completed after graduation from high school in 2007–08 and 2011–12 (survey cycles 21 and 22, respectively) when participants were aged 20 and 24 years on average, respectively. In addition to its primary objectives, NDIT has embedded studies on obesity, blood pressure, physical activity , team sports, sedentary behaviour, diet, genetics, alcohol use, use of illicit drugs, secondhand smoke, gambling, sleep and mental health. Results to date are described in 58 publications, 20 manuscripts in preparation, 13 MSc and PhD theses and 111
75 citations
TL;DR: Among healthy older adults, dietary patterns do not appear to be related to depression, however, those who eat less are at higher risk of becoming depressed.
Abstract: To investigate the association of dietary patterns with a 3-year incidence of depression among healthy older adults. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, smoking, education, total energy intake, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, functional autonomy, cognitive functioning, social activities, and stressful life events. Energy and macronutrient intakes were also analyzed as potential predictors of depression. Cities of Montreal, Laval, and Sherbrooke in Quebec, CA. Community-dwelling older adults, free of depression at baseline (N=1,358, 67–84 y), followed for 3y in the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging (NuAge). Dietary patterns derived from principal components analysis of three 24 h-recalls at baseline, and depression incidence as measured by the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (≥11) and/or use of antidepressants at follow-up years. 170 people (63% women) became depressed over the 3 years. People in the highest tertile of adherence to the “varied diet” had lower risk of depression before adjustment (OR 0.58, 98% C.I. 0.38–0.86) but not significant once age and sex were controlled. No other dietary pattern was associated with the incidence of depression. The highest tertile of energy intake was associated with lower depression incidence after controlling for all confounders (OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.34–0.87). Among healthy older adults, dietary patterns do not appear to be related to depression. Those who eat less, however, possibly reflecting declining health, are at higher risk of becoming depressed.
48 citations
TL;DR: Screen time is associated with less desirable food choices, particularly in overweight children, and this association in relation to body weight is examined.
Abstract: Objectives
To describe the relationship between screen time and dietary intake among children, and to examine this association in relation to body weight.
45 citations
TL;DR: Higher consumption of added sugar from either solid or liquid sources was associated with lower overall diet quality and adiposity indicators were only positively associated with added sugars from liquid sources.
Abstract: Little is known about the influence of different forms of added sugar intake on diet quality or their association with obesity among youth. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-h recalls in 613 Canadian children (aged 8-10 years). Added sugars (mean of 3-day intakes) were categorized according to source (solid or liquid). Dietary intake and the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (« HEI-C ») were compared across tertiles of solid and liquid added sugars separately as were adiposity indicators (body mass index (BMI), fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and waist circumference). Cross-sectional associations were examined in linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, and physical activity (7-day accelerometer). Added sugar contributed 12% of total energy intake (204 kcal) on average, of which 78% was from solid sources. Higher consumption of added sugars from either solid or liquid source was associated with higher total energy, lower intake of micronutrients, vegetables and fruit, and lower HEI-C score. Additionally liquid sources were associated with lower intake of dairy products. A 10-g higher consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with 0.4 serving/day lower of vegetables and fruit, 0.4-kg/m(2) higher BMI, a 0.5-kg higher fat mass, and a 0.9-cm higher waist circumference whereas the associations of added sugars from solid sources and adiposity indicators tended to be negative. In conclusion, higher consumption of added sugar from either solid or liquid sources was associated with lower overall diet quality. Adiposity indicators were only positively associated with added sugars from liquid sources.
36 citations
TL;DR: The sharp increase of OWOB rates in Barbados warrants attention and familial and sociodemographic factors influencing OWOB will be useful in planning successful intervention or prevention programmes in Barbadian children.
Abstract: Objective To examine overweight and obesity (OWOB), changes in prevalence and potential risk factors in Barbadian children. Design A cross-section of students were weighed and measured. The WHO BMI-for-age growth references (BAZ), the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth percentiles were used to determine OWOB prevalence. Harvard weight-for-height-for-age growth standards were used to estimate differences in OWOB prevalence from 1981 to 2010. Samples of parents and students were interviewed to describe correlates of OWOB. Setting Barbados. Subjects Public-school students (n 580) in class 3. Results Based on WHO BAZ, the overall prevalence of OWOB was 34·8 % (95 % CI 30·9, 38·7 %). A trend of higher OWOB prevalence was seen for girls across cut-offs, with significant sex differences noted using the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. According to Harvard growth standards, OWOB has increased dramatically, from 8·52 % to 32·5 %. Children were more likely to be OWOB when annual household income was below BBD 9000 (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·21, 5·99). Eating dinner with the family every night was associated with a lower prevalence of OWOB (OR=0·56; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·87). Conclusions The sharp increase of OWOB rates in Barbados warrants attention. Sex disparities in OWOB prevalence may emerge at a young age. Promoting family meals may be a feasible option for OWOB prevention. Understanding familial and sociodemographic factors influencing OWOB will be useful in planning successful intervention or prevention programmes in Barbados.
11 citations
TL;DR: A 12-mo capacity-building intervention was carried out to improve identification and mitigation of child wasting in Ghana and helped community health workers (CHW) identify at-risk children and provide tailored counseling.
Abstract: The effectiveness of growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) activities depend on the motivation and performance of nutrition educators. A 12-mo capacity-building intervention was carried out to improve identification and mitigation of child wasting. 30 community-based GMP clinics in Upper Manya Krobo District, Ghana were randomized into: algorithm (A), length measurement (L), or control (C) groups. In A group, a simple algorithm based on predictors of wasting, helped community health workers (CHW) identify at-risk children and provide tailored counseling. Length in addition to usual weight measurements allowed L group CHW to identify children with low weight-for-length. Standard-of-care was used in C group. Type of nutrition counseling given and caregivers' recall of nutrition messages were documented through direct observations of CHW and interviews with caregivers at monthly GMP sessions. About 30% of scheduled sessions were missed because of poor road conditions, disabled transportation, and scheduling ...
3 citations
26 Aug 2015
TL;DR: Longer screen time during childhood appears to deteriorate lipid profiles in early adolescence, even after accounting for other major lifestyle habits.
3 citations
TL;DR: Female sex and a higher BMI at age 17 were associated with a higher probability of BMI loss, but none of age, mother's education, physical activity, screen time, or cigarette smoking were associatedWith BMI loss between ages 17 and 24.
Abstract: Background: Increased understanding of weight loss among healthy young people in naturalistic settings could inform the development of effective weight control programs. The aim of this study was to describe loss in BMI over 7 years in a population-based sample of healthy young adolescents (mean age 17 years at beginning of follow-up) and identify determinants of BMI loss. Design and Method: Data were available for 681 participants in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study (1999–2012), a longitudinal investigation of adolescents in Montreal (Canada). Loss in BMI was assessed between age 17 and 24 years. Potential predictors of BMI loss including age, sex, mother's education, worry about weight, physical activity, screen time, and cigarette smoking were studied in multivariable logistic regression. Results: Males and females gained 2.0 and 1.4 BMI units, respectively, on average, between age 17 and 24 years. However, 9% of males and 14% of females experienced a loss in BMI ≥1.0 unit. Female sex an...
1 citations