Showing papers by "Keita Morikane published in 2021"

Occurrence and incidence rate of peripheral intravascular catheter-related phlebitis and complications in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study (AMOR-VENUS study)

Abstract: The lack of precise information on the epidemiology of peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC)-related phlebitis and complications in critically ill patients results in the absence of appropriate preventive measures. Therefore, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of the use of PIVCs and the incidence/occurrence of phlebitis and complications in the intensive care unit (ICU). This prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in 23 ICUs in Japan. All consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted to the ICU were enrolled. PIVCs inserted prior to ICU admission and those newly inserted after ICU admission were included in the analysis. Characteristics of the ICU, patients, and PIVCs were recorded. The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence and incidence rate of PIVC-related phlebitis and complications (catheter-related blood stream infection [CRBSI] and catheter failure) during the ICU stay. We included 2741 patients and 7118 PIVCs, of which 48.2% were inserted in the ICU. PIVC-related phlebitis occurred in 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9–8.2%) of catheters (3.3 cases / 100 catheter-days) and 12.9% (95% CI 11.7–14.2%) of patients (6.3 cases / 100 catheter-days). Most PIVCs were removed immediately after diagnosis of phlebitis (71.9%). Grade 1 was the most common phlebitis (72.6%), while grade 4 was the least common (1.5%). The incidence rate of CRBSI was 0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.2%). In cases of catheter failure, the proportion and incidence rate per 100 intravenous catheter-days of catheter failure were 21% (95% CI 20.0-21.9%) and 9.1 (95% CI 8.7–10.0), respectively. PIVC-related phlebitis and complications were common in critically ill patients. The results suggest the importance of preventing PIVC-related complications, even in critically ill patients. UMIN-CTR, the Japanese clinical trial registry (registration number: UMIN000028019 , July 1, 2017).

Expert commentary on the challenges and opportunities for surgical site infection prevention through implementation of evidence-based guidelines in the Asia–Pacific Region

Abstract: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the Asia–Pacific region (APAC), adversely impacting patient quality of life, fiscal productivity and placing a major economic burden on the country’s healthcare system. This commentary reports the findings of a two-day meeting that was held in Singapore on July 30–31, 2019, where a series of consensus recommendations were developed by an expert panel composed of infection control, surgical and quality experts from APAC nations in an effort to develop an evidence-based pathway to improving surgical patient outcomes in APAC. The expert panel conducted a literature review targeting four sentinel areas within the APAC region: national and societal guidelines, implementation strategies, postoperative surveillance and clinical outcomes. The panel formulated a series of key questions regarding APAC-specific challenges and opportunities for SSI prevention. The expert panel identified several challenges for mitigating SSIs in APAC; (a) constraints on human resources, (b) lack of adequate policies and procedures, (c) lack of a strong safety culture, (d) limitation in funding resources, (e) environmental and geographic challenges, (f) cultural diversity, (g) poor patient awareness and (h) limitation in self-responsibility. Corrective strategies for guideline implementation in APAC were proposed that included: (a) institutional ownership of infection prevention strategies, (b) perform baseline assessments, (c) review evidence-based practices within the local context, (d) develop a plan for guideline implementation, (e) assess outcome and stakeholder feedback, and (f) ensure long-term sustainability. Reducing the risk of SSIs in APAC region will require: (a) ongoing consultation and collaboration among stakeholders with a high level of clinical staff engagement and (b) a strong institutional and national commitment to alleviate the burden of SSIs by embracing a safety culture and accountability.

Diagnostic analysis of lupus anticoagulant using clot waveform analysis in activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged cases: A retrospective analysis.

Abstract: Background and aims Hemophilia was diagnosed in precedence research of clot waveform analysis (CWA) using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). In patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), lupus anticoagulant (LA) causes an increase in APTT, suggesting that the waveform would probably be distorted. Therefore, we evaluated using clinical samples. CWA may be useful low cost for clinical detection of LA. We assessed the clinical value of CWA for detection of LA and coagulation using clinical blood samples collected from patients with a prolonged APTT. Methods We used patient samples inspected between April 2011 and March 2013 in Yamagata University Hospital. CWA was performed using the ACL TOP coagulation analyzer, and the associated software program was used to calculate APTT clotting endpoints. An atypical peak was defined as a derivative plot that did not conform to the normal S-shaped clot reaction curve. Results In total, 162 patients, including 66 men and 96 women, with an average age of 46 years (range: 24-89 years) were included. We also collected control samples from unmatched healthy donors. All 162 patients were divided according to medication history or condition into the following five groups: heparin (n = 20), warfarin (n = 23), hepatic dysfunction (n = 13), normal (n = 20), and LA-positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; n = 86). Twenty healthy individuals were included as controls.Eighty patients had an atypical peak. Among all, 78 patients (90.6%) were LA-positive, and 2 patients (2.5%) were treated with warfarin. The remaining two patients had prothrombin time international normalized ratios (PT-INR) >4.0 while taking warfarin. Those who were APS LA positive with thrombosis and without thrombosis had split the reaction of clotting time, deceleration/acceleration time (D/A) ratio of 2.36 (1.99,3.24) vs 2.34 (2.04,2.86), respectively. Conclusion The significant atypical peak and D/A ratio extension may be explained by the clotting waveforms observed specifically in patients with LA-positive APS.

Adverse reactions to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in medical staffs with a history of allergy.

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) vaccination is progressing globally. Several adverse reactions have been reported with vaccination against COVID-19. It is unknown whether adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination are severe in individuals with allergies. We administered the COVID-19 vaccine to the medical staff at Yamagata University Hospital from March to August 2021. Subsequently, we conducted an online questionnaire-based survey to investigate the presence of allergy and adverse reactions after vaccination and examined the association between allergy and adverse reactions after immunization. Responses were collected from 1586 subjects after the first vaccination and 1306 subjects after the second administration of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Adverse reactions included injection site pain, injection site swelling, fever, fatigue or malaise, headache, chills, nausea, muscle pain outside the injection site, and arthralgia. The frequency and severity of most adverse reactions were higher after the second vaccination compared to the first. The frequency of some adverse reactions and their severity were higher, and the duration of symptoms was longer in subjects with allergies than in subjects without allergies. Although several participants visited the emergency room for treatment after the first and second vaccinations, nobody was diagnosed with anaphylaxis. Given the serious consequence of COVID-19 and the reported high efficacy of this vaccine against this disease, we conclude that vaccination of allergic individuals is generally recommended.