/pdf/statistical-analysis-in-climate-research-51ik9f04rx.pdf

Statistical Analysis in Climate Research

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

This study focuses on the improved estimation of mesoscale surface ocean circulation obtained by merging TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and ERS-1 and -2 altimeter measurements between October 1992 and May 1998. Once carefully intercalibrated and homogenized, these data are merged through an advanced global objective analysis method that allows us to correct for residual long wavelength errors and uses realistic correlation scales of ocean dynamics. The high-resolution (0.25°×0.25°) merged T/P+ERS-1 and -2 sea level anomaly maps provide more homogeneous and reduced mapping errors than either individual data set and more realistic sea level and geostrophic velocity statistics than T/P data alone. Furthermore, the merged T/P+ERS-1 and -2 maps yield eddy kinetic energy (EKE) levels 30% higher than maps of T/P alone. They also permit realistic global estimates of east and north components of EKE and their seasonal variations, to study EKE sources better. A comparison of velocity statistics with World Ocean Circulation Experiment surface drifters in the North Atlantic shows very good agreement. Comparison with contemporary current meter data in various oceanic regimes also produces comparable levels of energy and similar ratios of northward and eastward energy, showing that the maps are suitable to studying anisotropy. The T/P + ERS zonal and meridional components of the mapped currents usually present comparable rms variability, even though the variability in the Atlantic is more isotropic than that in the Pacific, which exhibits strong zonal changes. The EKE map presents a very detailed description, presumably never before achieved at a global scale. Pronounced seasonal changes of the EKE are found in many regions, notably the northeastern Pacific, the northeastern and northwestern Atlantic, the tropical oceans, and the zonally extended bands centered near 20°S in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans and at 20°N in the northwestern Pacific.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000JC900063

Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and -2

The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean

We show that inferences of competence based solely on facial appearance predicted the outcomes of U.S. congressional elections better than chance (e.g., 68.8% of the Senate races in 2004) and also were linearly related to the margin of victory. These inferences were specific to competence and occurred within a 1-second exposure to the faces of the candidates. The findings suggest that rapid, unreflective trait inferences can contribute to voting choices, which are widely assumed to be based primarily on rational and deliberative considerations.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/308/5728/1623.full.pdf

Inferences of Competence from Faces Predict Election Outcomes

2. Offshore boundary condition There is nothing arbitrary about the appropriate choice of boundary condition at x 5 l (where the topography meets the  at-bottom deep ocean). This point was dealt with clearly by Buchwald and Adams (1968), Gill and Schumann (1974), and Allen (1976b), for example. The cross-shelf transport and the pressure must be continuous at x 5 l. This implies that cross-shelf velocity must be continuous if depth h and wind stress G are continuous. Hence, from Csanady’s equation (1), both components of the pressure gradient, z x and z y must be continuous at x 5 l. This in turn implies that pressure and its derivative normal to the boundary, z and z x must be continuous at x 5 l. Csanady’s condition 1 ( z de ned as zero offshore) allows z to be continuous, but not z x. His second (channel) condition causes pressure to be discontinuous at x 5 l, another unsatisfactory property. His third condition is the traditional z x 5 0 at x 5 l, which allows both z and z x to be continuous. Csanady (1998) advocates that pressure approach zero far from shore in the ‘‘boundary layer’’ or ‘‘long wave’’ approximation.This is equivalent to taking limits—far offshore vs. long wave—in the wrong order, as we now demonstrate. Once the long-wave approximation is made, Csanady’s (4) reduces to

/pdf/comments-on-the-non-wavelike-response-of-a-continental-shelf-436vqesxx9.pdf

Comments on "The non-wavelike response of a continental shelf to wind" by G. T. Csanady

George Veronis: An appreciation

Funding was administered through the National Science Foundation under
Grant No. OCE92-24824.

/pdf/long-time-series-measurements-in-the-coastal-ocean-a-1323l4pqo4.pdf

Long time series measurements in the coastal ocean : a workshop

/pdf/east-of-korea-and-west-of-japan-the-very-model-of-modern-br9m627mpq.pdf

East of Korea and West of Japan… The Very Model of Modern Major Oceanography

/pdf/coastal-ocean-processes-wind-driven-transport-processes-on-1jpe0jfykc.pdf

Kenneth H. Brink

Papers

Comments on "The non-wavelike response of a continental shelf to wind" by G. T. Csanady

George Veronis: An appreciation

Long time series measurements in the coastal ocean : a workshop

East of Korea and West of Japan… The Very Model of Modern Major Oceanography

Coastal ocean processes : wind-driven transport processes on the U.S. west coast : Portland, Oregon, Workshop July 14-16, 1993