Kevin J. Anchukaitis

TL;DR: In this paper, the history, processes, and consequences of these large volcanic eruptions that inject enough material into the stratosphere to significantly affect the climate system are discussed, and the effects of these transient events can temporarily have a radiative forcing magnitude larger than the range of solar, greenhouse gas and land use variability over the last millennium.

TL;DR: A negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and colder Atlantic sea surface temperatures in the middle of the 15th century is inferred, coincident with weaker solar irradiance and prior to strong volcanic forcing associated with the early Little Ice Age.

TL;DR: This article found only a weak statistical association between volcanism and ENSO, and identified the selection of volcanic events as a key variable to the conclusion, and discussed the difficulties of conclusively establishing a volcanic influence on ENSI by empirical means, given the myriad factors affecting the response.

TL;DR: The authors discusses shared causes and features of past and future megadroughts, and outlines the impact of anthropogenic forcing on the severity and frequency of observed and projected megadrought events.