Showing papers by "Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam published in 2016"

Cytotoxic Effect on Cancerous Cell Lines by Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as an environmental friendly and cost effective alternative to chemical and physical methods. Silver nanoparticles are biologically synthesized and characterized were used in the study. The invitro cytotoxic effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against MCF-7 cancer cell lines were assessed. The cytotoxic effects of the silver nanoparticles could significantly inhibited MCF-7 cancer cell lines proliferation in a time and concentration-dependent manner by MTT assay. Acridine orange, ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation assays were carried out using various concentrations of silver nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 μg/mL. At 100 μg/mL concentration, the silver nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxic effects and the apoptotic features were confirmed through caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation assays. Western blot analysis has revealed that nanoparticle was able to induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, which was initiated by the inhibition of Bcl-2 and activation of Bax. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles might be used to treat breast cancer. The present studies suggest that these nanoparticles could be a new potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic and chemo preventive agent against cytotoxic cells. However, it necessitates clinical studies to ascertain their potential as anticancer agents.

Nanomaterials: Classification, Biological Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract: Nanomaterial research has recently gained importance due to prospective applications in human life and environment. However, scientific research on nano- and micro-sized materials has reached a saturation state. As a result, researchers planning to further develop nanomaterials, need an outlook on recent advances in synthesis, classification and characterization of nanomaterials. There is a need in particular for an overview of synthesis using biological materials namely bacteria, fungi, yeast, and plants, in order to design eco-friendly nanomaterials. Methods used to characterize these synthesized nanoparticles must also be reviewed to suggest the appropriate techniques in terms of spectroscopic and microscopic methods to study the physio-chemical properties of nanomaterials. Here we review the nature, types and synthesis of nanomaterials, with a detailed evaluation on biological synthesis. We also discuss in detail nanoparticle production by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and yeasts. This chapter also provides updates on currently available techniques used to characterize nanoparticles.

Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from Tamil Nadu

Abstract: Carbapenem resistance is disseminating worldwide among Gram-negative bacteria The aim of this study was to identify carbapenem-resistance level and to determine the mechanism of carbapenem resistance among clinical isolates from two centres in Tamil Nadu In the present study, a total of 93 Gram-negative isolates, which is found to be resistant to carbapenem by disk diffusion test in two centres, were included All isolates are identified at species level by 16S rRNA sequencing Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isolates for Meropenem were tested by agar dilution method Presence of blaOXA, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaKPC genes was tested by PCR in all isolates Amplicons were sequenced for confirmation of the genes Among 93 isolates, 48 (%52) were Escherichia coli, 10 (%11) Klebsiella pneumoniae, nine (%10) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Minimal inhibitory concentration results showed that of 93 suspected carbapenem-resistant isolates, 27 had meropenem MICs ≥ 2 μg/ml The MIC range, MIC50 and MIC9

Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as Source of Antitumor Compounds

Abstract: Extending over decades, research has been of great focus and enormous progress on exploring the ocean for natural products from marine actinobacteria. Attraction towards alternative medicine has led to improvements in natural product discovery. With great potential to survive in extreme environments, marine actinobacteria, efficiently produce an array of metabolites with diverse bioactivity by evolving the secondary metabolic pathways. Exploiting the secondary metabolite producing potential of actinobacteria, many compounds with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory activities has been discovered. Efforts in bioprospecting alternative sources of natural products have thus led to several explorations and improvements in technologies which has decreased the bottle neck difficulties in the drug discovery process. Emphasizing on the recent advancements in bioactive compound production in actinobacteria, this paper comprises a review of the available literature, compiles the antitumor compounds from marine actinobacteria with brief discussions and the perspectives to develop better antitumor compounds which would stimulate further research.