L.H. Grimme

TL;DR: Results even demonstrate that dissimilarly acting chemicals can show significant joint effects, predictable by independent action, when combined in concentrations below individual NOEC values, statistically estimated to elicit insignificant individual effects of only 1%.

TL;DR: In tests with freshwater algae, predicted and determined the toxicity of multiple mixtures of 18 different s-triazines and the toxicity parameter was the inhibition of reproduction of Scenedesmus vacuolatus.

TL;DR: It is concluded, that concentration addition can be useful for hazard assessment procedures of mixtures of similarly acting compounds, and that even mixture components that are present only at their individual no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) contribute to the overall toxicity of the mixture.

TL;DR: The view that CA provides a precautious but not overprotective approach to the predictive hazard assessment of pesticide mixtures under realistic exposure scenarios, irrespective of the similarity or dissimilarity of their mechanisms of action is supported.

TL;DR: The chronic bioluminescence inhibition assay with Vibrio fischeri is shown to be sensitive against many of the high volume antibiotics used for veterinary purposes and in aquaculture, and may be a valuable tool for an effects assessment and biomonitoring of these xenobiotics.