Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.

https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/96980/Current-status-carbon-capture.pdf

An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies

Dynamics and stability of lean-premixed swirl-stabilized combustion

Biogas is a valuable renewable energy and also a secondary energy carrier produced from biodegradable organic materials via anaerobic digestion. It can be used as a fuel or as starting material for the production of chemicals, hydrogen and/or synthesis gas etc. The main constituents of biogas are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), with various quantities of contaminants, such as ammonia (NH3), water vapour (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl siloxanes, nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons. These contaminants presence and quantities depend largely on the biogas source, which could be anaerobic digestion of many substrates and landfill decompositions. The removal of these contaminants especially H2S and CO2 will significantly improve the quality of the biogas for its further uses. In parallel, biogas upgrading market is facing challenges in term of operating costs and energy consumption. The selection of appropriate technology depends on the specific biogas requirements, site specific, local circumstances and is case sensitive. This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art of biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies, including its composition, upgrading efficiency, methane recovery and loss. In addition, biogas production, utilization and the corresponding requirements on gas quality for grid injection and vehicle usage are investigated. Based on the results of comparisons of various technologies, recommendations are made on further research on the appropriate low cost technologies, especially using solid waste as low cost materials for biogas purification and upgrading.

/pdf/a-review-of-biogas-utilisation-purification-and-upgrading-1ykvn2m4o0.pdf

A Review of Biogas Utilisation, Purification and Upgrading Technologies

Supercritical carbon dioxide cycles for power generation: A review

Design and off-design analyses of a pre-combustion CO2 capture process in a natural gas combined cycle power plant

https://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/2009_GHGT9_Anusha.pdf

Comparison of solvents for post-combustion capture of CO2 by chemical absorption

Post combustion absorption technologies represent one of the most commercially ready technologies for CO2 capture. Solvent selection is the critical consideration in post-combustion absorption capture technology. In order to compare the performance of different solvents, it is necessary to perform simulations on a consistent basis and perform a process analysis of the system. The focus of this work was to develop consistent simulations for MEA and K2CO3 systems in ASPEN. The simulations have been developed within the ASPEN RateSep framework and are valid for both natural gas and coal fired power plants. This paper describes the methodology of the simulations and some results from the two systems. The MEA base case was validated with reported values in literature. Potassium carbonate was found to be particularly useful for pressurized combustion and for CO2 removal from product gases of reforming of natural gas or coal.

Lars O. Nord

Papers

Design and off-design analyses of a pre-combustion CO2 capture process in a natural gas combined cycle power plant

Comparison of solvents for post-combustion capture of CO2 by chemical absorption

Comparison of solvents for post-combustion capture of CO2 by chemical absorption

Gas turbine exhaust gas heat recovery by organic Rankine cycles (ORC) for offshore combined heat and power applications - Energy and exergy analysis

Modelling and simulation of CO2 (carbon dioxide) bottoming cycles for offshore oil and gas installations at design and off-design conditions