Leena Hamberg

TL;DR: Basic principles of CT radiation exposure are outlined and the need for CT radiation dose optimization based on modification of scanning parameters and application of recent technologic innovations is emphasized.

TL;DR: A novel Monte Carlo model is developed with which the authors quantified the relationship between microscopic tissue parameters, NMR imaging parameters, and susceptibility contrast in vivo and demonstrated that spin echo functional images have greater microvascular sensitivity than gradient echo images, and that the specifics of the volume fraction and concentration dependence of transverse relaxivity change should allow for robust mapping of relative blood volume.

TL;DR: DUR can vary widely with the time of measurement and that DUR should be interpreted with caution in any individual patient, according to the data investigated.

TL;DR: The presence of intratumoral lymphatics and enlargement of lymphatic vessels at the tumor periphery in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C-overexpressing human melanomas transplanted onto nude mice is demonstrated and VEGF-C is identified as multifunctional factor involved in regulating tumor lymphangiogenesis, angiogenic, and immune response.

TL;DR: 4D-CT provides significantly greater sensitivity than sestamibi imaging and ultrasonography for precise (quadrant) localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, which allows improved preoperative planning, particularly for the case of reoperation.