Economic, environmental and social assessment of briquette fuel from agricultural residues in China – A study on flat die briquetting using corn stalk

Direct conversion of furfural to levulinic acid/ester in dimethoxymethane: Understanding the mechanism for polymerization

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated activated carbon as a catalyst for bio-jet fuel production from biomass and waste plastics.

Optimization of a biomass briquette fuel system based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process: A study using cornstalks in China

Biomass feedstocks need to be milled or chopped into particles before briquetting, and the particle size has great effects on the energy consumption and product quality. In this study, the effects of the particle size on the rice straw briquetting process were investigated. The raw materials were milled or chopped into four different sized test materials. Experiments were carried out with an electronic universal testing machine and a self-designed single pellet unit on the basis of a simplex-centroid design. Several parameters, including briquetting time, energy consumption, maximum extrusion force, product compressive strength, and product density, were tested and recorded. The experimental data were processed by the methods of regression analysis and variance analysis. Finally, effects of raw material particle size on the briquetting process, energy consumption, maximum extrusion force, product compressive strength, and product density were obtained. Results showed that, compared with simple sized materials, mixed materials achieved lower energy consumption, higher product compressive strength, and higher product density.

Effects of raw material particle size on the briquetting process of rice straw

Catalytic pyrolysis of corn straw with magnetic solid acid catalyst to prepare levulinic acid by response surface methodology

In the normal-temperature (20 to 25 °C) wet briquetting of straw, the lignin becomes softened and briquetted by means of friction heat from the briquetting at some compressing force and moisture ratio. With an electronic universal testing machine and a self-developed normal- temperature wet briquetting device, tests were carried out for normal-temperature wet briquetting of rice straws with different compressing rate, material moisture, die length-diameter ratio, and die opening taper, using a quadratic regression-orthogonal design. Based on the characteristic curves of normal-temperature wet briquetting, the specific energy consumption was calculated by stepped regression and then integration for summation. Thereby, a specific energy consumption model was established. Next, an interactive analysis was made between single-factor and two-factor designs. Optimal combination of factors, i.e. 17.3% moisture, 44.5 mm/min compressing rate, 45° die opening taper, and 5.3 die length-diameter ratio, were obtained while the specific energy consumption was minimized. Further, the work provided references for process parameters design of the normal-temperature wet briquetting device for straw.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_08_1_Hu_663_Specific_Energy_Consumption/1911

Specific Energy Consumption Regression and Process Parameters Optimization in Wet-Briquetting of Rice Straw at Normal Temperature

In this article, five kinds of straws were used to do compressing molding experiments on stress relaxation by Electric Versatile Material Machine, with specially designed open mode equipment. According to the data from the transition stage of the compression process, regression equations with different straws were built by selective global fitting or piecewise fitting. In addition, the equations were verified by stress logarithm-time curves. A stress relaxation model of the five straws can be summarized by an expression involving the summation of exponential decay terms. This expression provides reference for reducing the specific energy consumption and increasing the pellet density.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_04_3_1158_Hu_LXSL_Stress_Relax_Cold_Molding_Straw/417

Experimental study of stress relaxation in the process of cold molding with straw

Four kinds of carbon-based magnetic solid acid catalysts (CBMSACs) were prepared from rice husk, wood chips, peanut shells, and corn straw. The structure was investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental Analysis (EA), scanning/transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM), and BET analyses. The catalysts were used to hydrolyze cellulose, and the hydrolysis efficiencies were determined. The catalysts were all comprised of a disordered carbon structure with random polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons similar to graphite layers. This structure had a large number of -SO3H groups and the alkyl side chain, which increased the electron cloud density of the carbon carrier, relative to the other catalysts; this was advantageous to the adhesion of the -SO3H group to increase the activity of catalysts. The product also contained a large number of magnetic particles, making it easy to separate the catalysts from the reaction residue. The properties of the catalyst derived from corn straw as the carbon source appeared to be the best. Although it could be further recycled many times, the catalyst activity decreased due to the loss of -SO3H groups. At the same time, the catalyst had a high specific surface area of 755 m2/g.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_12_4_7525_Li_Carbon_Magnetic_Solid_Acid_Catalyst/5550

Preparation of carbon-based magnetic solid acid catalyst from various carbon sources and characterization of its catalytic performance

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, and particularly relates to an ordered mesoporous composite catalyst for preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol by using a biomass syngas and a preparation method and application of the ordered mesoporous composite catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by adopting ordered mesoporous C-ZrO2 as a carrier and loading active components and an assistant on the carrier, wherein the active components are Cu and M; M is selected from at least one of Ni, Co and Fe; and the assistant is precious metal N and alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal A. By adopting the catalyst, the problems that a traditional catalyst for preparing the low-carbon mixed alcohol by using the biomass syngas is low in Co hydrogenation conversion rate, and the low-carbon mixed alcohol, especially ethanol, in a product is low in selectivity can be solved.

Lei Tingzhou

Papers

Catalytic pyrolysis of corn straw with magnetic solid acid catalyst to prepare levulinic acid by response surface methodology

Specific Energy Consumption Regression and Process Parameters Optimization in Wet-Briquetting of Rice Straw at Normal Temperature

Experimental study of stress relaxation in the process of cold molding with straw

Preparation of carbon-based magnetic solid acid catalyst from various carbon sources and characterization of its catalytic performance

Ordered mesoporous composite catalyst and preparation method and application thereof