Showing papers by "Lei Zhang published in 2008"
TL;DR: Baicalin reduces plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin in an OATP1B1 haplotype–dependent manner in an two‐phase randomized crossover study.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore potential herb-drug interaction between baicalin and rosuvastatin, a typical substrate for organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) related to different OATP1B1 haplotype groups. Eighteen unrelated healthy volunteers who were CYP2C9*1/*1 with different OATP1B1 haplotypes (six OATP1B1*1b/*1b, six OATP1B1*1b/*15, and six OATP1B1*15/*15) were selected to participate in this study. Rosuvastatin (20 mg orally) pharmacokinetics after coadministration of placebo and 50-mg baicalin tablets (three times daily orally for 14 days) were measured for up to 72 h by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in a two-phase randomized crossover study. After baicalin treatment, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-72) and AUC(0-infinity) of rosuvastatin decreased by 47.0+/-11.0% (P=0.001) and 41.9+/-7.19% (P=0.001) in OATP1B1*1b/*1b, 21.0+/-20.6% (P=0.035) and 23.9+/-8.66% (P=0.004) in OATP1B1*1b/*15, and 9.20+/-11.6% (P=0.077) and 1.76+/-4.89% (P=0.36) in OATP1B1*15/*15, respectively. Moreover, decreases of both AUC(0-72) and AUC(0-infinity) of rosuvastatin among different haplotype groups were significantly different (P=0.002 and <0.001). Baicalin reduces plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin in an OATP1B1 haplotype-dependent manner.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of annealing on the microstructure, optical properties and blood compatibility of tetrahedral amorphous hydrogenated carbon (ta-C:H) films was investigated by using Raman spectra, UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy and tests of platelet adhesion, respectively.
11 citations
TL;DR: The proposed stopping criterion stops the iterative algorithm when there is not a, or little, reduction of the average-entropy.
Abstract: A new stopping criterion for turbo codes is proposed. Based on the entropy concept, a metric called average-entropy to measure the average uncertainty of the estimated bits of each iteration is derived. This metric has a close relation to the bit error rate (BER). The average-entropy decreases as BER reduces and vice versa. The proposed stopping criterion stops the iterative algorithm when there is not a, or little, reduction of the average-entropy. Compared with other well-known criteria, this new criterion reduces the average number of iterations while maintaining error correction performance.
11 citations
TL;DR: Treatments with IFN β-1a alone or in combination with RBV are safe and well tolerated, and may represent an alternative for chronic hepatitis C patients who are unable to tolerate pegylated interferon α.
Abstract: For chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the effects of current therapies are limited. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) versus IFN beta-1a plus ribavirin (RBV) combination on Chinese treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C, a randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed. A total of 26 naive patients histologically confirmed to have chronic hepatitis C were double-blindly and randomly assigned to receive either IFN beta-1a 44 microg (12 MIU) (IFN beta-1a group) or placebo (placebo group) three times per week for 12 weeks. At the end of the 12 weeks of treatment, the patients who received IFN beta-1a continued to complete 24 weeks of treatment. Placebo non-responders were crossed over to IFN beta-1a plus RBV (1,000-1,200 mg/day) combination therapy (IFN beta-1a plus RBV group) for 24 weeks after 4 weeks washout. All patients were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as the absence of detectable HCV RNA in the serum both at the end of 24 weeks of treatment and at the end of 24 weeks of untreated follow-up. There were no differences in the clinical background between the groups before the initiation of treatment. At the end of the 12 weeks of double-blind therapy, HCV RNA was negative and undetectable in 10/11 patients (90.9%) in the IFN beta-1a group and none in the placebo group. The virological response rate (14/15, 93.3%) of the IFN beta-1a plus RBV group at week 12 after the initiation of therapy was similar to that of the IFN beta-1a group. SVR was observed in 5/11 (45.5%) of the IFN beta-1a group and 11/15 (73.3%) of the IFN beta-1a plus RBV group (P = 0.23). At the end of follow-up, a biochemical response was found in 5/11 patients in the IFN beta-1a group (45.5%) and 8/15 patients in the IFN beta-1a plus RBV group (53.3%, P = 1.00). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that an HCV RNA load lower than 1.0x10(6) copies/ml was independently associated with SVR (OR 11.00; 95% CI 1.81-66.97; P = 0.003). The side effects were mild and similar in the two therapy groups. We conclude that IFN beta-1a alone or in combination with RBV provided considerable benefit in Chinese naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. Treatments with IFN beta-1a alone or IFN beta-1a plus RBV are safe and well tolerated, and may represent an alternative for chronic hepatitis C patients who are unable to tolerate pegylated interferon alpha.
7 citations
TL;DR: G-CSF prevents ALF induced by D-GalN, thus raising the survival rate and G-GSF shows an inhibitory efficacy on hepatocytes apoptosis by probably up-regulating Bcl-2 and reducing caspase-3 expression.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) on hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure (ALF) and possible mechanism thereof. METHODS One hundred and sixty SD rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) 1.4 g/kg so as to establish AFL models and then were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: G-CSF therapy group, injected hypodermically with recombinant human G-CSF 50 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) 2 hours after D-GalN injection for 3 consecutive days, and placebo control group, injected hypodermically with normal saline for 3 consecutive days. Liver samples were collected from 6 rats of each group 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 3 days after D-GalN injection respectively. Another six normal rats were used as normal control group. Hepatocyte apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3, a proapoptosis protein, in the liver sections. RESULTS The survival rate of the G-CSF therapy group was 53.3%, significantly higher than that of the placebo control group (33.3%, P = 0.027). The hepatocyte apoptosis rate and expression rates of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the liver sections after D-GalN injection increased along with time. The hepatocyte apoptosis rate peaked 1 day after the D-GalN injection in both groups. The maximum hepatocyte apoptosis rate of the G-CSF group was 29% +/- 7%, significantly lower than that of the placebo control group (44% +/- 12%, P = 0.026). The gray scale of Bcl-2 in liver sections at hour 12 of the G-CSF group was 152 +/- 37, significantly lower than that of the placebo control group (161 +/- 7, P = 0.012). and the gray scale of Bcl-2 on day 1 of the G-CSF group was 150 +/- 12, significantly lower than that of the placebo control group (159 +/- 9, P = 0.018). The gray scales of caspase-3 on days 1 and 3 of the G-CSF group were 189.6 +/- 4.6 and 184.7 +/- 4.8 respectively, both significantly higher than those of the placebo control group (169.6 +/- 15.7 and 160.0 +/- 5.0, both P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Apoptosis is a key mechanism contributing to ALF. G-CSF prevents ALF induced by D-GalN, thus raising the survival rate. G-GSF shows an inhibitory efficacy on hepatocytes apoptosis by probably up-regulating Bcl-2 and reducing caspase-3 expression.
5 citations