抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://www.klinikaikozpont.u-szeged.hu/pedia/images/pdf/CME_TEL/Full-Text/25.pdf

The Hallmarks of Aging

Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to the underlying DNA. Distinct histone amino-terminal modifications can generate synergistic or antagonistic interaction affinities for chromatin-associated proteins, which in turn dictate dynamic transitions between transcriptionally active or transcriptionally silent chromatin states. The combinatorial nature of histone amino-terminal modifications thus reveals a “histone code” that considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. We propose that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.

/pdf/translating-the-histone-code-l291mddcr9.pdf

Translating the Histone Code

Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease

Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli as fusions with glutathione S-transferase.

Aging and Rejuvenation: Insights from Rusty Gage, Leonard Guarente, and Amy Wagers.

Genetic studies have identified genes that appear to regulate the pace of ageing in model systems and in humans. The molecular analysis of these genes will provide insight into causes of ageing. Here I discuss recent findings in yeast that suggest possible mechanisms of ageing and relate them to the disease of Werner's syndrome, which causes symptoms of premature ageing in humans.

Chromatin and ageing in yeast and in mammals.

31 – Protocol for High-Efficiency Yeast Transformation

Sirtuins and NAD + are key mediators of health maintenance. This article traces the historical path linking sirtuins and NAD + to diseases of aging, and summarizes current advances in the field.

Sirtuins, NAD+, Aging, and Disease: A Retrospective and Prospective Overview

The present invention relates to a protein or protein complex which stimulates activated DNA transcription in eukaryotic cells, genes encoding the protein or proteins, and uses therefor. The protein or protein complex, referred to herein as a transcriptional adaptor, is associated with two other factors, each of which, in turn, binds to a region of a eukaryotic promoter. The first of these factors, referred to herein as an activator, binds to a region of the promoter DNA sequence termed the UAS binding site or enhancer. The second factor or factors, referred to herein as a general transcription factor (GTF), binds to second region of the promoter DNA sequence, termed the TATA box, which is located downstream from the UAS binding site. The transcriptional adaptor specifically binds to an acidic activation domain (i.e., one which is highly enriched in acidic amino acids, such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid) on the activator protein which, in addition, includes a DNA binding domain.

Leonard Guarente

Papers

Aging and Rejuvenation: Insights from Rusty Gage, Leonard Guarente, and Amy Wagers.

Chromatin and ageing in yeast and in mammals.

31 – Protocol for High-Efficiency Yeast Transformation

Sirtuins, NAD+, Aging, and Disease: A Retrospective and Prospective Overview

Transcription adaptors in eukaryotes