BioPAX (Biological Pathway Exchange) is a standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level. Its major use is to facilitate the exchange of pathway data (http://www.biopax.org). Pathway data captures our understanding of biological processes, but its rapid growth necessitates development of databases and computational tools to aid interpretation. However, the current fragmentation of pathway information across many databases with incompatible formats presents barriers to its effective use. BioPAX solves this problem by making pathway data substantially easier to collect, index, interpret and share. BioPAX can represent metabolic and signaling pathways, molecular and genetic interactions and gene regulation networks. BioPAX was created through a community process. Through BioPAX, millions of interactions organized into thousands of pathways across many organisms, from a growing number of sources, are available. Thus, large amounts of pathway data are available in a computable form to support visualization, analysis and biological discovery.

BioPAX A Community Standard for Pathway Data Sharing | NIST

Explaining divergence in catching-up in pharma between India and Brazil using the NSI framework

Low and middle income countries (LMICs) share a common, emerging, and largely unrecognized challenge: the burden of increasingly prevalent chronic and non-communicable diseases. This emerging challenge compounds the difficulty of responding to the backlog of disease and illness associated with poverty and “underdevelopment” often associated with preventable infections and reproductive health problems. Cancer – itself a complex set of devastating diseases – epitomizes the complexities and inequities of the epidemiological challenge faced by LMICs. Cancer is also a challenge to economic and human development, as it is both a cause and an effect of poverty. The long-term disability and ongoing health care costs of cancer impoverish families and health systems, and contribute to social exclusion. At the same time, poverty, lack of access to education and health care, and discrimination expose populations to additional risks for presenting and dying from many cancers. There are glaring disparities between rich and poor in incidence and death from preventable cancers and death from treatable cancers, as well as in the pain, suffering, and stigma associated with the disease. These disparities constitute a cancer divide and demonstrate that increasing access to cancer care and control is also an issue of equity. Yet, many believe – and these myths persist – that meeting the challenge of cancer in LMICs – with the exception of some basic prevention – is unnecessary, unaffordable, unattainable, and – perhaps the most pernicious – inappropriate because such an effort would take away resources from other high burden, communicable diseases. These four myths plague and undermine the work of the global community in cancer care and control (CCC), as well as on other non-communicable disease (NCD) and chronic illness.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2055430_code1833771.pdf?abstractid=2055430&mirid=1

Closing the Cancer Divide: A Blueprint to Expand Access in Low and Middle Income Countries

Interactions between firms and universities are key building blocks of innovation systems. This book focuses on those interactions in developing countries, presenting studies based on fresh empirical material prepared by research teams in 12 countries from three continents. The result is a more universal and dynamic view of the shaping and reshaping of interactions between firms and universities throughout different countries and phases of development. There are dimensions of those interactions that cannot be seen in the US, Europe or Japan. There are aspects and features of interactions that cannot be seen when we investigate Uganda, China or Mexico alone. In a time of increasing internationalization, interactions between firms and universities must be investigated tracking their international linkages. Professor Richard Nelson (Columbia University) writes in his preface: "The studies reported in this book are among the first to be directed to what is going on in developing countries".

Developing National Systems of Innovation

Kidney failure: aims for the next 10 years and barriers to success

A survey of entrepreneurial collaborations among health biotech firms in developing countries reveals a surprisingly high level of collaboration but a lack of emphasis on new or improved health biotech products and processes.

https://www.bibalex.org/CSSP/publications/South-South%20entrepreneurial%20collaboration%20in%20health.pdf

South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech

Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 407–416 (2010); published online 7 May 2010; corrected after print 7 December 2010 In the version of this article initially published, a line was missing connecting India and China in Figure 3. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

/pdf/erratum-south-south-entrepreneurial-collaboration-in-health-56gunlcvzt.pdf

Lexuan Li

Papers

South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech

Erratum: South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech

Erratum: South-South entrepreneurial collaboration in health biotech (Nat. Biotechnol. (2010) 28 (407-416)

A survey of entrepreneurial collaborations among health biotech firms in developing countries reveals a surprisingly high level of collaboration but a lack of emphasis on new or improved health biotech products and processes.