[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Applications in Theranostics Guanying Chen,*,†,‡ Hailong Qiu,†,‡ Paras N. Prasad,*,‡,§ and Xiaoyuan Chen* †School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China ‡Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2281, United States

Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics

A self-saturated absorption regime is proposed to theoretically investigate the optical bistability of Tm,Ho:YLF laser.
Based on this bistability regime, the rate equation model of the optical bistability is established. The optical bistability
behaviors of Tm,Ho:YLF laser are obtained by numerical simulating. The relation between laser gain and loss are also
analyzed to confirm the rationality of the bistability mechanism. Furthermore, the time characters of the optical
bistability are investigated. It is found that the high pulse power and the duration of the pre-pump are two major factors
that affect the laser turn-on delay time and their influences on the turn-on delay are analyzed.

Mechanism analysis and numerical investigation of optical bistability in 2μm Tm,Ho:YLF solid laser

Investigation on porous NiMnGa alloy and its composite with epoxy resin

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant tumor in young children that originates from the neural crest of the sympathetic nervous system. Generally, NB occurs in the adrenal glands, but it can also affect the nerve tissues of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Understanding the pathophysiology of NB and developing novel therapeutic approaches are critical. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are associated with crucial aspects of pathology, metastasis and drug resistance in NB. Here, we summarized the pretranscriptional, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in NB, especially focusing on regulatory pathways. Furthermore, ncRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, drug resistance and therapeutic targets are also discussed, highlighting the clinical application of ncRNAs in NB. 

/pdf/the-role-of-ncrnas-in-neuroblastoma-mechanisms-biomarkers-1kscwzgf.pdf

The role of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Thermal effects have been investigated in the laser diode end-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF solid state laser. Under the condition
that the pump light and the output laser are Gaussian distributions, the continuous wave rate equations of the
Tm,Ho:YLF laser are given which take into energy transfer upconversion and ground state reabsorption effects. The
fractional thermal loading and thermal focal length are obtained for different pump powers by solving the steady state
rate equations. The thermal focal length as a function of pump power is measured by the knife edge method
experimentally. Furthermore, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical results, and it is found that the
theoretical results agree well with the experimental results.

Investigation of thermal effects in a diode end-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF solid state laser

A theoretical scheme for laser cooling thulium doped solids with optical super radiance is presented. The super radiance is coherent, sharply directed spontaneous emission of photons by an ensemble of excited ions in the solid-state host, the properties of which are much different from the conventional, incoherent anti-Stokes fluorescence radiating through all directions. In this paper, we consider a thulium doped ZBLAN sample pumped with continuous-wave laser at 1.9 μm and pulse laser at 1.8 μm. The induced anti-Stokes super randiance at 1.8 μm removes the matrical phonons energy much effectively and quickly, because of the intensity of super radiance proportional to the square of the number of excited Tm ions. The numerical evaluations of the super radiance cooling performance, especially in the net cooling power and the cooling efficiency, is discussed.

Li Li

Papers

Mechanism analysis and numerical investigation of optical bistability in 2μm Tm,Ho:YLF solid laser

Investigation on porous NiMnGa alloy and its composite with epoxy resin

The role of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Investigation of thermal effects in a diode end-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF solid state laser

Evaluation of Anti-Stokes Superradiance Cooling Thulium Doped Solids