[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Applications in Theranostics Guanying Chen,*,†,‡ Hailong Qiu,†,‡ Paras N. Prasad,*,‡,§ and Xiaoyuan Chen* †School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China ‡Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2281, United States

Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics

The invention relates to the field of laser techniques and particularly relates to an air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon and an infrared single-frequency solid laser with the same, wherein the end surface of the laser diode of the infrared single-frequency solid laser is pumped with thulium yttrium lithium fluoride (Tm: YLF) and the cavity of the laser diode is pumped with chromium zinc sulfide (Cr: ZnS) in an enhancing way. The air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon consists of a Tm: YLF laser crystal, a Cr: ZnS laser crystal and an air layer which is sandwiched between the output end surface of the Tm: the YLF laser crystal and the input end surface of the Cr: the ZnS laser crystal. The infrared single-frequency solid laser with the air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon consists of an optical fiber coupling laser diode with output wavelength being 792nm, a coupling lens group, a plane input lens, the air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon and a planoconcave output lens. The solid laser with the air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low cost, high output efficiency and the like.

Air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon and solid laser with same

There is emerging evidence that the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone is associated with arrhythmias in cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of aldosterone on the slowly activated delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the modulation of IKs by aldosterone.

Aldosterone downregulates slowlyactivated delayed rectifier potassium current inadult guinea pig cardiomyocytes

A modified leaky multi-trench fiber with managing chromatic dispersion

The relationship between saponin content of Panax quinquefolius in different parts of the organization and expression of ginsenoside biosynthesis related gene was obtained by the correlation analysis between saponin content and gene expression. The 14 tissue parts of P. quinquefolius were studied, six saponins in P. quinquefolius. Samples (ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂ and Rd), group saponins and total saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. Simultaneously, the expression levels of 7 ginsenoside biosynthesis related genes (SQS, OSC, DS, β-AS, SQE, P450 and FPS) in different tissues of P. quinquefolius were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Although 7 kinds of ginsenoside biosynthesis related enzyme gene in the P. quinquefolius involved in ginsenoside synthesis, the expression of β-AS and P450 genes had no significant effect on the content of monosodium saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins, FPS, SQS, OSC, DS and SQE had significant or extremely significant on the contents of single saponins Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rd, group saponin PPD and PPT, total saponin TMS and total saponin TS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The biosynthesis of partial saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins in P. quinquefolius was affected by the interaction of multiple enzyme genes in the saponin synthesis pathway, the content of saponins in different tissues of P. quinquefolius was determined by the differences in the expression of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, this study further clarified that FPS, SQS, OSC, DS and SQE was the key enzyme to control the synthesis of saponins in P. quinquefolius by correlation analysis, the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in P. quinquefolius was regulated by these five kind of enzymes in cluster co-expression of interaction mode.

Expression of saponin biosynthesis related genes in different tissues of Panax quinquefolius

Under considering energy transfer up-conversion (ETU) and ground state re-absorption (GSA), the rate equations of the Tm,Ho:YLF laser are given. The influence of ETU on fractional thermal loading is calculated for the continuous wave and Q-switched Tm,Ho:YLF lasers and the results show that the fractional thermal loading critically depends on the pump-to-mode size ratio. Furthermore, the fractional thermal loading depends on the pulse repetition frequency for a Q-switched laser. The temperature distributions of a Tm,Ho:YLF crystal under different pump powers have been analyzed. The thermal focal length as a function of pump power is calculated.

Li Li

Papers

Air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon and solid laser with same

Aldosterone downregulates slowlyactivated delayed rectifier potassium current inadult guinea pig cardiomyocytes

A modified leaky multi-trench fiber with managing chromatic dispersion

Expression of saponin biosynthesis related genes in different tissues of Panax quinquefolius

Investigation of thermal effects in longitudinally diode-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF lasers