Factors influencing urinary tract infections depend on a balance between bacterial virulence (bacterial adhesion to tissues, hemolysin, and aerobactin) and on the host's defenses (local immunoglobulin production). Predisposing factors for the development of urinary tract infections in women are physiologic changes with aging, use of catheters, and genitourinary operations. Therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections usually consists of a single dose of medication for 3 to 7 days, although the 1-day regimen was proved to be quite effective. Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections is by intravenous medications. New drugs for treatment of urinary tract infections are also reviewed.

Urinary tract infections in women.

Erratum to “review article: HDL, its enzymes and its potential to influence lipid peroxidation”

The increasing incidence of obesity around the world has become a major problem with health and economic implications for most countries, and one which currently available methods of weight management including diet, exercise and lifestyle advice all seem incapable of controlling. The premise of this project was that some instances of adult obesity could be due to adverse, unresolved childhood traumas and experiences the consequences of which were continuing to act subconsciously in those individuals to impede effective and maintained adult weight loss; and that hypnosis was an appropriate exploratory tool for identifying and resolving these problems to facilitate more effectual weight management. For this purpose a group of seven overweight female volunteers were invited to undertake a series of “state”, dissociative hypnosis sessions involving regression back through their childhood and early adulthood. The resulting recalled autobiography from each participant’s series of hypnosis sessions was recorded, transcribed and analysed to constitute a piece of narrative autoethnography of their childhood past. All seven participants in this project were able to utilise hypnosis effectively to enable them to recall barely remembered past events, feelings and connections which, they realised for the first time as adults, had had a major and long-lasting impact on how they felt about food, their body weight or their body image. Hypnotically recalled memories of guilt and anger were associated with dysfunctional family relationships and childhood eating experiences. For most of these participants the strength of the association between these past times and feelings, and their current long-term overweight problem came as a total surprise. Even in advance of any weight loss most participants were inspired by their discoveries and felt that the telling of this hidden story had had a transformative benefit for them in bringing about reconciliation with the past, understanding of the present and planning for their future. These narrative accounts and results suggest that hypnosis might have wider application for use as an ethnological modality in sociology and health studies more generally.

The use of hypnosis as an auto-ethnographic modality in the exploration and management of overweight and obesity - selected case studies

Paraoxonase1-192 polymorphism modulates the effects of regular and acute exercise on paraoxonase1 activity

Free-living raptors (birds of prey) can act as reservoirs of potentially zoonotic agents, but they also can be affected by microorganisms as target hosts. In this retrospective study, microbiological results (n = 663) and antibiotic sensitivity profiles (n = 108) of bacterial isolates were analysed from diseased free-living raptors. Sixty-nine percent of cases (n = 457) yielded bacteria: 58% were in pure culture and 42% were of different species. Remarkably, samples from necropsies (47%) had higher percentage of pure isolations than those obtained from clinical (31%) samples (P < 0.001). Among bacterial isolates, Escherichia coli was the most common agent (35%), principally recovered from necropsied birds with clinical signs of septicaemia or respiratory disorders. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%) was isolated from birds with systemic infection and from oral lesions, especially in nocturnal raptors (P < 0.001). Staphylococcus spp. (5%), mainly Staphylococcus aureus, was found to be the most prevalent c...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03079457.2017.1304529

Microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles in diseased free-living raptors

Our purpose was to examine changes in paraoxonase 1 (PON1) concentration and activity following a single aerobic exercise session. Sixteen men (32 ± 8 yrs.; BMI = 29.4 ± 6.8 kg/m 2 ; % fat = 29 ± 13; VO 2max = 38.3 ± 11.9 ml . min -1. kg -1 ; waist circumference = 93.7 ± 16.0 cm; HDL-C = 1.19 ± 0.21 and triglycerides = 1.22 ± 1.04 mmol'™l -1 ; direct LDL = 2.69 ± 0.73 mmol'™l -1 ) expended 400 kcals by treadmill walking at 65% of VO2max. Fasting blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately post-exercise (IPE), 24 hours post-exercise, and 48 hours post-exercise. PON1 concentration, PON1 activity, lipids, apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were analyzed for each time point. The men were divided into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): Normal weight (NW) and Obese Group. At baseline, PON1 concentration and activity were significantly higher in the NW group as compared to the obese group. In addition, PON1 activity was significantly higher in the NW group as compared to the obese group for all time points. Furthermore, PON1 concentration and activity were significantly increased in the combined group immediately post-exercise and returned to baseline levels within 24 hours. PON1 activity was min -1. kg -1 ; circunferencia de cintura = 93.7 ± 16.0 cm; HDL-C = 1.19 ± 0.21 y trigliceridos = 1.22 ± 1.04 mmol'™l

/pdf/a-single-session-of-aerobic-exercise-influences-paraoxonase-2czewtqrpc.pdf

A single session of aerobic exercise influences paraoxonase 1 activity and concentration Una sola sesión de ejercicio aeróbico influye en la actividad y concentración de la paraoxonasa 1

Urinary tract infections remain a common problem in inpatient care. They are highly challenging to provide effective initial therapy without sensitivity data. The purpose of this study was to survey the uropathogens and their sensitivity profile at a hospital in Central Alabama and to guide experiential antibiotic selection. This was the first reported study on bacterial uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profile at this Central Alabama hospital. The survey period was between July 2009 and June 2010, a total of 473 urine cultures were reviewed and susceptibility testing was determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution method. The results indicated that Escherichia coli (45.5%) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), Proteus mirabilis (7.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3.0%), Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundii (1.5%), Morganella morganii (1.3%), and the other species (7.0%). For the 215 E. coli isolates, imipenem and cephalosporins (except for cefazolin) had the highest sensitivity (99-100%, P < 0.05). In contrast, ampicillin had the highest resistance (57%, P < 0.05) as compared to other antibiotics (about 30%) including ampicillin/ sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The major finding of this study was that ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole had comparable sensitivity patterns for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter cloacae, the most common uropathogens at this Central Alabama hospital. Additionally, this study found that E. coli had a resistant rate of 31% to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin compared to the resistance rate of 28.4% and 15.8% in earlier reports (Lee et al. 2010; Rattanaumpawan et al. 2010), likely indicating the continuing evolution of resistance due to antibiotic exposure. It is imperative to monitor the resistance of P. aeruginosa considering their high resistance to imipenem found in this study.

http://clsjournal.ascls.org/content/ascls/25/4/206.full.pdf

Microbial uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profile from hospitalized patients in Central Alabama.

RESULTS: There were no differences between CHO and PLA trials in the first and second quarter drills. During the third quarter there was a trend (30.2±4.5 to 31.0±4.6s; p=0.08) for a faster full court combination drill in CHO. During the fourth quarter the key combination drill was completed faster in CHO (40.7±4.4 to 42.8±4.1s p=0.002). Additionally, there was a trend for faster completion of the lane slide drill in the CHO trial (36.5±2.2s to 38.1±2.1s; p=0.07). CONCLUSION: Although there were no differences in drill performance during the first two quarters, there is evidence that CHO intake led to faster completion of various third and fourth quarter drills. These data suggest that CHO intake during a basketball game may lead to performance improvements in the latter moments of a game.

/pdf/high-density-lipoprotein-antioxidant-responses-to-high-4v2mrw91zw.pdf

High-density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses To High-intensity Interval And Steady-state Moderate-intensity Exercise: 3262 Board #23 May 30, 9

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may impart health benefits beyond what is acquired through moderate-intensity steady state exercise (SSE). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant associated with highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), may be altered with exercise; however, it is unclear whether HIIE provides a greater stimulus for increasing PON1 antioxidant activity than a comparable or greater amount of SSE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on PON1 concentration and activity relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that is half that of SSE. METHODS: Seventeen male participants (age 27.8 + 6.4 yr; weight 80.6 + 9.0 kg; BMI 25.1 + 2.4 kg/m2; %fat = 19 + 5; VO2max 52.1 + 7.5 ml/kg/min) underwent HIIE by treadmill running (90% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio) to expend 500 kcals (H500); HIIE to expend 250 kcals (H250), and; SSE at 70% VO2reserve to expend 500 kcals (M500) in a randomized crossover design. Intensities of all exercise conditions averaged 70% VO2reserve. Blood measures of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in copper reducing equivalents, HDL ( g/mL), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1: g/L), PON1 concentration (PON1c: g/mL) and arylesterase activity (PON1a: kU/L) were obtained just before, immediately after, 2 hr and 24 hr after exercise. Significant differences were determined using 3 by 4 repeated measures ANOVAs. Effect sizes were calculated to determine the magnitude of dependent variable responses to exercise. RESULTS: Pre-exercise HDL concentration was lower in H250 and increased most in H250 versus other exercise conditions (p < 0.001, ES = 0.83). Other antioxidant responses were similar across exercise conditions. ApoA1 (+ 8.0%) and PON1a (+ 9.3%) increased immediately after exercise and remained elevated 24 hr after exercise (p < 0.0001 for each; ApoA1 ES = 0.85, PON1a ES = 0.57). PON1c was increased 2.4% above baseline at 2 hr post-exercise (p = 0.0296, ES = 0.18) and TAC was elevated 8.6% above baseline at 24 hr post-exercise (p = 0.0227, ES = 0.48). SUMMARY: HDL and HDL antioxidant properties are transiently potentiated by HIIE with as little as 250 kcals of energy expenditure. HDL antioxidant activity and total antioxidant capacity are elevated with HIIE and SSE of moderate intensity in a similar manner and are observed for up to 24 hr after exercise.

/pdf/high-density-lipoprotein-antioxidant-responses-to-high-2uw5cc8uj9.pdf

High-Density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses to High-Intensity Interval and Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise

Vascular endothelium may respond differently to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) when compared to moderate-intensity steady state exercise (SSE). We hypothesized that greater sympathetic stimulation of soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and greater oxidative and nitrative stress on the vascular endothelium may transiently result from HIIE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), a marker of nitric oxide-dependent reactive nitrogen species and nitrative stress, relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that is half that of SSE. METHODS: Seventeen male participants (age 27.8 + 6.4 yr; weight 80.6 + 9.0 kg; BMI 25.1 + 2.4 kg/m2; %fat = 19 + 5; VO2max 52.1 + 7.5 ml/kg/min) underwent HIIE by treadmill running (90% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio) to expend 500 kcals (H500); HIIE to expend 250 kcals (H250), and; SSE at 70% VO2reserve to expend 500 kcals (M500) in a randomized crossover design. Intensities of all exercise conditions averaged 70% VO2reserve. Blood measures of sVCAM-1 (ng/mL), sICAM-1 (ng/mL), NT (nM), epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) in pg/mL, were obtained just before, immediately after, 2 hr and 24 hr after exercise. Significant differences were determined using 3 by 4 repeated measures ANOVAs. Effect sizes were calculated to determine the magnitude of dependent variable responses to exercise. RESULTS: HIIE resulted in 2 to 2.5 fold greater EPI responses immediately after exercise versus SSE (p = 0.0059, H250 ES = 1.89; H500 ES = 3.04). NE increased an average of 5.4 times above pre-exercise values across all exercise conditions (p < 0.0001). NT decreased immediately after HIIE (H250 ES = 0.39; H500 ES = -0.97) and returned to baseline by 2 hr post-exercise; whereas, NT was elevated 111% 2 hr (ES = 2.46) and remained 24 hr after SSE (p = 0.0001). sVCAM-1 was unchanged with HIIE but increased 6% immediately following moderate-intensity SSE and remained elevated 24 hr post-exercise (p < 0.0005, ES = 1.01). SUMMARY: Our results are in direct opposition to our hypothesis. Transient elevations in NT and sVCAM-1 after moderate-intensity SSE but not HIIE of similar average intensity and duration may indicate unique effects of interval exercise. NT and sVCAM-1 were not elevated after HIIE in spite of a greater sympathetic response than what was observed after moderate-intensity SSE.

/pdf/3-nitrotyrosine-and-soluble-vascular-and-intracellular-3q027jmwp6.pdf

3-nitrotyrosine And Soluble Vascular And Intracellular Adhesion Molecule Responses To High-intensity Interval And Steady-state Moderate-intensity Exercise: 626 Board #22 May 27, 2

Li Qian

Papers

A single session of aerobic exercise influences paraoxonase 1 activity and concentration Una sola sesión de ejercicio aeróbico influye en la actividad y concentración de la paraoxonasa 1

Microbial uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profile from hospitalized patients in Central Alabama.

High-density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses To High-intensity Interval And Steady-state Moderate-intensity Exercise: 3262 Board #23 May 30, 9

High-Density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses to High-Intensity Interval and Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise

3-nitrotyrosine And Soluble Vascular And Intracellular Adhesion Molecule Responses To High-intensity Interval And Steady-state Moderate-intensity Exercise: 626 Board #22 May 27, 2