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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Carbon trifluoromethylation reactions of hydrocarbon derivatives and heteroarenes.

https://engineering.purdue.edu/~fsoptics/articles/Ultrafast_optical_pulse_shaping_tutorial-Weiner.pdf

Ultrafast optical pulse shaping: A tutorial review

Light-driven phenomena both in living systems and nonliving materials have enabled truly fascinating and incredible dynamic architectures with terrific forms and functions. Recently, liquid crystalline materials endowed with photoresponsive capability have emerged as enticing systems. In this Review, we focus on the developments of light-driven liquid crystalline materials containing photochromic components over the past decade. Design and synthesis of photochromic liquid crystals (LCs), photoinduced phase transitions in LC, and photoalignment and photoorientation of LCs have been covered. Photomodulation of pitch, polarization, lattice constant and handedness inversion of chiral LCs is discussed. Light-driven phenomena and properties of liquid crystalline polymers, elastomers, and networks have also been analyzed. The applications of photoinduced phase transitions, photoalignment, photomodulation of chiral LCs, and photomobile polymers have been highlighted wherever appropriate. The combination of photoc...

Light-Driven Liquid Crystalline Materials: From Photo-Induced Phase Transitions and Property Modulations to Applications.

We present a robust interferometric method to generate arbitrary vector beam modes by diffracting a Gaussian laser beam from a spatial light modulator consisting of a high-resolution reflective nematic liquid crystal display. Vector beams may have the same intensity cross-section as the more common scalar Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) or Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beams, but with a spatially modulated polarization distribution. Special cases are the radially or azimuthally polarized 'doughnut' modes, which have superior focusing properties and promise novel applications in many fields, such as optical trapping, spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy. Our system allows video rate switching between vector beam modes. We demonstrate the generation of high quality Hermite–Gaussian and Laguerre–Gaussian vector beam modes of different order, of vectorial anti-vortices, and of mode mixtures with interesting non-symmetric polarization distributions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/9/3/078/pdf

Tailoring of arbitrary optical vector beams

We introduce a novel parallel-aligned liquid-crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) that has been designed to operate in a phase-only mode for wave-front correction. We measured and analyzed theoretically the electro-optic characteristics of the LC SLM and obtained a peak-to-valley value of 0.07049lambda(lambda= 0.6328microm) after correction. A Strehl ratio of 0.989 indicates the approximate upper limit of an aberrated wave front that the LC SLM can correct when it is used in an adaptive optical system.

Phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator for wavefront correction with high precision

An adaptive optics imaging system is introduced in this paper. A high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device was used as a phase-only wavefront corrector instead of a conversional deformable mirror. The wavefront aberration was detected by a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor, which has a wavefront measurement accuracy of λ/100 rms (λ = 0.6328 μm). Under this construction, Peak-to-Valley correction precision of 0.09 λ was reached. Furthermore, some low-frequency hot convection turbulence induced by an electric iron was compensated in real time at the same precision. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of this system was also measured before and after wavefront correction. Under the active correction of LCOS, the system reached the diffraction limited resolution approximately 65l p/mm on the horizontal direction. All of this showed the possibility of using this device in a high-resolution, low temporal turbulence imaging system, such as retinal imaging, to improve the resolution performance.

Adaptive optics imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon device

We illustrate that the phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC SLM) can be used for optical testing. The large phase change and the phase modulation precision are discussed. The computer generated holograms (CGH) method is used to acquire the significant phase modulation. And the phase modulating characteristics of the LC SLM are measured. It shows the phase modulation depth is more than 2π and the modulation precision is down to 1/14λ (PV) and 1/100λ (rms) (λ=632.8nm). In order to verify this method, the former surface of a convex lens is tested by ZYGO interferometer. The parallel straight fringes are obtained. It is shown that PV is 1/3λ and rms is 1/20λ after compensated by the LC SLM.

Investigation of optical testing with a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

The performance of free-space optics communication (FSOC) is greatly degraded by atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics (AO) is an effective method for attenuating the influence. In this paper, the influence of the spatial and temporal characteristics of turbulence on the performance of AO in a FSOC system is investigated. Based on the Greenwood frequency (GF) and the ratio of receiver aperture diameter to atmospheric coherent length (D/r
 0
 ), the relationship between FSOC performance (CE) and AO parameters (corrected Zernike modes number and bandwidth) is derived for the first time. Then, simulations and experiments are conducted to analyze the influence of AO parameters on FSOC performance under different GF and D/r
 0
 . The simulation and experimental results show that, for common turbulence conditions, the number of corrected Zernike modes can be fixed at 35 and the bandwidth of the AO system should be larger than the GF. Measurements of the bit error rate (BER) for moderate turbulence conditions (D/r
 0
  = 10, f
 G
  = 60 Hz) show that when the bandwidth is two times that of GF, the average BER is decreased by two orders of magnitude compared with f
 G
 /f
 3dB
  = 1. These results and conclusions can provide important guidance in the design of an AO system for FSOC.

/pdf/performance-analysis-of-an-adaptive-optics-system-for-free-348r8hzlt2.pdf

Performance analysis of an adaptive optics system for free-space optics communication through atmospheric turbulence.

We have performed a detailed characterization of the optical properties of a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (LC) transmission grating with polymer scaffolding morphology, which was fabricated with conventional high-functionality acrylate monomer under low curing intensity. Temporal evolution of the grating formation was investigated, and the amount of phase-separated LC was determined by birefringence investigation. A grating model combined with anisotropic coupled-wave theory yielded good agreement with experimental data without any fitting parameter. The results in this study demonstrate the non droplet scaffolding morphology grating is characterized by a high degree of phase separation (70%), high anisotropy, low scattering loss (<6%), and high diffraction efficiency (95%).

Li Xuan

Papers

Phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator for wavefront correction with high precision

Adaptive optics imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon device

Investigation of optical testing with a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Performance analysis of an adaptive optics system for free-space optics communication through atmospheric turbulence.

Theory and characteristics of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating with scaffolding morphology