This paper analyzes published works on the emission models of diesel and BD 1 fuels. To the best our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey that reviews various modeling aspects of soot emitted from the combustion of diesel and BD fuels. The pros and cons of past and recent soot models, the chronological advancement of diesel combustion chemistry, and soot modeling approaches are highlighted in this review. Soot models are divided into three main groups of empirical, semi-empirical, and detailed soot model. Phenomenological model is also explored as a soot model which is one of the most extensively investigated soot models in recent years. Soot formation mechanism is discussed with an emphasis on their molecular structure. In a vast majority of the papers reviewed, acetylene was used as a soot precursor, and also as a reactant for soot mass growth and aromatics formation in diesel soot modeling studies. Thus, it is recommended that the formation and consumption of acetylene and aromatic compounds should be included in the diesel soot modeling. For BD, aromatic compounds are found at very low concentrations during the combustion, so the contribution of aromatic compounds to soot formation may be reduced or excluded in BD soot modeling. Unlike diesel, oxygen in BD fuels is found very important in soot oxidation, thus, formation and consumption of oxygen molecules, radicals and OH 2 should be incorporated in the soot modeling as well. Finally, regardless of their structures, simple molecules such as MB 3 and MD 4 are found practical as BD surrogates in many modeling papers.

Recent studies on soot modeling for diesel combustion

Effect of a sustainable biofuel – n-octanol – on the combustion, performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine under naturally aspirated and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) modes

A comparative analysis on combustion and emissions of some next generation higher-alcohol/diesel blends in a direct-injection diesel engine

Effect of nanostructure, oxidative pressure and extent of oxidation on model carbon reactivity

Partially premixed low temperature combustion using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a DI diesel engine for favorable smoke/NOx emissions

Study on soot formation characteristics in the diesel combustion process based on an improved detailed soot model

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/31110/2/Revised%20Manuscript-3_GH.pdf

Modeling study of soot formation and oxidation in di diesel engine using an improved soot model

Investigations of split injection strategies for the improvement of combustion and soot emissions characteristics based on the two-color method in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Partially premixed compression ignition in a diesel engine is a combustion mode between diffusion combustion and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion, the combustion controllability and the emission performances of which are close to those of a homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion engine; the mixing period plays a key role in realizing partially premixed compression ignition, and a long premixed process before combustion is necessary to make the fuel and air mix well. Partially premixed compression ignition combustion in a boosted six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine is realized by adjusting the injection timing and the rate of exhaust gas recirculation based on a single injection. The effects of the injection timing, the exhaust gas recirculation rate and the load rate on the combustion and the heat release pattern are studied. The factors which influence the mixing period and the ignition delay and its regularity are researched. Endoscope technology and the two-colour method...

Investigation of the combustion and emission characteristics of partially premixed compression ignition in a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this paper, the planar images of diesel spray combustion flame and soot formation were measured and analyzed by using LII, in a constant volume combustion vessel. The effects of combustion flame and fuel–air mixing characteristics on soot formation and distribution of soot concentration were studied at different conditions. The result indicates that, with increase in ambient temperature and pressure, the ignition delay of diesel fuel is shorter. The increase of ambient temperature and pressure and the reduction of injection pressure shorten the diesel flame lift-off length. The lower the ambient temperature and pressure, the weaker LII signal intensity. At the same ambient temperature and pressure condition, the higher the diesel injection pressure, the smaller the soot production in diesel jet spray, and soot particles are primarily produced in the relative fuel-rich region, which is encompassed by the flame surface front at the downstream of the diesel jet.

Liang Chen

Papers

Study on soot formation characteristics in the diesel combustion process based on an improved detailed soot model

Modeling study of soot formation and oxidation in di diesel engine using an improved soot model

Investigations of split injection strategies for the improvement of combustion and soot emissions characteristics based on the two-color method in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Investigation of the combustion and emission characteristics of partially premixed compression ignition in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Study of the characteristic of diesel spray combustion and soot formation using laser-induced incandescence (LII)