The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

The advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201200674

Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications. By Christophe Caloz and Tatsuo Itoh.

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) comprised of tunable unit cells have recently drawn significant attention due to their superior capability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. In particular, RIS-assisted wireless communications have the great potential to achieve significant performance improvement and coverage enhancement in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner, by properly programming the reflection coefficients of the unit cells of RISs. In this paper, free-space path loss models for RIS-assisted wireless communications are developed for different scenarios by studying the physics and electromagnetic nature of RISs. The proposed models, which are first validated through extensive simulation results, reveal the relationships between the free-space path loss of RIS-assisted wireless communications and the distances from the transmitter/receiver to the RIS, the size of the RIS, the near-field/far-field effects of the RIS, and the radiation patterns of antennas and unit cells. In addition, three fabricated RISs (metasurfaces) are utilized to further corroborate the theoretical findings through experimental measurements conducted in a microwave anechoic chamber. The measurement results match well with the modeling results, thus validating the proposed free-space path loss models for RIS, which may pave the way for further theoretical studies and practical applications in this field.

/pdf/wireless-communications-with-reconfigurable-intelligent-2kgnsznjwk.pdf

Wireless Communications with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: Path Loss Modeling and Experimental Measurement

Preface 1. Introduction 2. FDTD Method for periodic structure analysis 3. EBG Characterizations and classifications 4. Design and optimizations of EBG structures 5. Patch antennas with EBG structures 6. Low profile wire antennas on EBG surfaces 7. Surface wave antennas Appendix: EBG literature review.

/pdf/electromagnetic-band-gap-structures-in-antenna-engineering-luh3tdu8zr.pdf

Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in Antenna Engineering

In this paper, a reflective metasurface is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortexwave in radio frequency domain. Theoretical formula of phase-shift distribution is deduced and used to design the metasurface producing vortexradio waves. The prototype of a practical configuration is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate the theoretical analysis at 5.8 GHz. The simulated and experimental results verify that the vortexwaves with different OAM mode numbers can be flexibly generated by using sub-wavelength reflective metasurfaces. The proposed method and metasurface pave a way to generate the OAM vortexwaves for radio and microwave wireless communication applications.

Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain

In this paper, an electromagnetic metasurface is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams in radio frequency domain. Theoretical formula of compensated phase-shift distribution is deduced and used to design the metasurface to produce multiple vortex radio waves in different directions with different OAM modes. The prototype of a practical configuration of square-patch metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate the theoretical analysis at 5.8 GHz. The simulated and experimental results verify that multiple OAM vortex waves can be simultaneously generated by using a single electromagnetic metasurface. The proposed method paves an effective way to generate multiple OAM vortex waves in radio and microwave wireless communication applications.

Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain

In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and measurement of a metamaterial absorber that is constructed of a periodic array of tetra-arrow resonators (TARs) printed on a dielectric material backed by a metal ground. The TAR absorber can operate at three different resonant modes. By adjusting geometry parameters of the structure, we can obtain a dual-band, polarization-insensitive, wide-angle thin absorber or a single band but ultra-miniature absorber that corresponds to three different resonant modes. Waveguide experiments are conducted to verify the proposed designs effectively. The measurement results show that all three absorptivity peaks come near to perfection.

A wide-angle polarization-insensitive ultra-thin metamaterial absorber with three resonant modes

A new wideband circularly polarized antenna using metasurface superstrate for C-band satellite communication application is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a planar slot coupling antenna with an array of metallic rectangular patches that can be viewed as a polarization-dependent metasurface superstrate. The metasurface is utilized to adjust axial ratio (AR) for wideband circular polarization. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a compact structure with a low profile of 0.07λ
 0
 ( λ
 0
 stands for the free-space wavelength at 5.25 GHz) and ground size of 34.5×28 mm
 2
. Measured results show that the -10-dB impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna is 33.7% from 4.2 to 5.9 GHz, and 3-dB AR bandwidth is 16.5% from 4.9 to 5.9 GHz with an average gain of 5.8 dBi. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement to verify the good performance of the proposed antenna.

Metasurface Superstrate Antenna With Wideband Circular Polarization for Satellite Communication Application

A practical wireless power transmission system consisting of a large rectangular wire loop and a small square wire loop with a parasitic square helical coil is proposed for use as an efficient evanescent resonant coupling wireless power transmission system in an indoor environment. In addition, a full wave-based numerical analysis on the resonant frequency of and the power transmission efficiency of wireless power transmission system are performed in this paper. The effects of the following on power transmission efficiency and the resonant frequency are numerically investigated: The load of the receiving element and the presence of non-resonant objects such as a conducting box or human body. The numerical results show that a power transmission efficiency of nearly 50% can be achieved when the proposed system is used to charge only one user with the optimized load. The results also show that power transmission efficiency is reduced significantly when a human body is in very close proximity to the receiving element. This reduction in efficiency can be alleviated significantly, however, if the relative distance between the receiving element and the human body is greater than 0.5 m or 0.03? at a resonant frequency of 19.22 MHz.

Long Li

Papers

Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain

Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain

A wide-angle polarization-insensitive ultra-thin metamaterial absorber with three resonant modes

Metasurface Superstrate Antenna With Wideband Circular Polarization for Satellite Communication Application

Numerical Analysis on Transmission Efficiency of Evanescent Resonant Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System