The prosperous development of smart wearable electronic devices has caused extensive demand for flexible composite films with integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal management performances. However, it is still a challenge to prepare flexible composite films with desirable properties. Herein, the flexible multilayered MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane films were prepared via a simple layer-by-layer spraying technique. The multilayered films with 28.6 wt% MXene and 52-µm thickness exhibit high electrical conductivity of 1600 S/m, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 50.7 dB in the X-band, and outstanding specific shielding effectiveness of 7276 dB.cm2 g−1. Meanwhile, a high in-plane thermal conductivity of 6.31 W/(m.k) and low cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.42 W/(m.k) were obtained. Besides, the obtained films exhibit excellent Joule heating performance (113 °C) with low voltage (5 V), fast response time (< 10 s), excellent heating stability, and efficient de-icing as well as potential thermal stealth performance. The multilayered MXene/TPU films were prepared by layer-by-layer spraying and exhibited excellent EMI shielding, thermal conductivity, and management performances.

Flexible multilayered MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane films with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding, thermal conductivity, and management performances

Electromagnetic (EM) absorbers play an increasingly essential role in electronic information age, even towards coming intelligent life. The remarkable merits of heterointerface engineering and its peculiar EM characteristics inject a fresh and infinite vitality to design high-efficiency and stimuli-responsive EM absorbers. However, there still exist huge challenges in understanding and reinforcing these interface effects from the micro and macro perspectives. Herein, the EM response mechanisms of interfacial effects are dissected in depth, and advanced characterization as well as theoretical techniques is highly focused on. Then, the representative optimization strategies are systematically discussed with an emphasis on component selection and structural design. More importantly, the most cutting-edge smart EM functional devices based on heterointerface engineering are reported as highlights. Finally, current challenges and concrete suggestion are proposed, and future perspectives on this promising field are predicted as well. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Heterointerface Engineering in Electromagnetic Absorbers: New Insights and Opportunities

To tackle the aggravating electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution issues, high-efficiency EMW absorption materials are urgently explored. Metal–organic framework (MOF) derivatives have been intensively investigated for EMW absorption due to the distinctive components and structures, which is expected to satisfy diverse application requirements. The extensive developments on MOF derivatives demonstrate its significantly important role in this research area. Particularly, MOF derivatives deliver huge performance superiorities in light weight, broad bandwidth, and robust loss capacity, which are attributed to the outstanding impedance matching, multiple attenuation mechanisms, and destructive interference effect. Herein, we summarized the relevant theories and evaluation methods, and categorized the state-of-the-art research progresses on MOF derivatives in EMW absorption field. In spite of lots of challenges to face, MOF derivatives have illuminated infinite potentials for further development as EMW absorption materials.
Highlights:
1 In terms of components and structures, this review summarizes progresses and highlights strategies of MOF derivatives for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption.2 We also systematically delineate relevant theories and points out the prospects and current challenges.

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Carbon-Based MOF Derivatives: Emerging Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Agents

Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Metal–organic framework (MOF) derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages. To break the mindset of magnetic-derivative design, and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives, we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption. The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415 (TiZr-MOFs) are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of − 67.8 dB (2.16 mm, 13.0 GHz), and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz (2.70 mm). Through in-depth discussions, the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed. Therefore, this work confirms the huge potentials of non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.

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Non-Magnetic Bimetallic MOF-Derived Porous Carbon-Wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 Composites for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Heterostructure design of Ni/C/porous carbon nanosheet composite for enhancing the electromagnetic wave absorption

CuNi alloy/ carbon foam nanohybrids as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers

Fabrication of multi-component composites is regarded as an effective strategy to obtain efficient electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to find effective approaches to reasonably collocate compositions and construct microstructures to achieve the synergetic effects. In this work, Ni embedded TiO2/C core-shell ternary nanofibers were fabricated by a combined method of electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. The surface of the carbon nanofibers of 200 nm in diameter was coated with a rough and wrinkled layer of TiO2, and metallic Ni nanoparticles with size of 20–30 nm were uniformly embedded in the matrix of the nanofibers. The ternary nanofibers with the molar ratio of 4:1 between TiO2 and metallic Ni exhibited excellent maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.7 GHz at 2.6 mm, with minimum reflection loss value reaching −74.5 dB at 2.0 mm. It is found that TiO2 optimized impedance matching characteristics and metallic Ni promoted attenuation capacity through electromagnetic parameter regulation. This work not only showed the huge application promise for the ternary composites, but also provided meaningful theoretical guidance for the design of high-efficiency EM wave absorption materials in future studies.

Facile fabrication of Ni embedded TiO2/C core-shell ternary nanofibers with multicomponent functional synergy for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Longfei Lyu

Papers

Non-Magnetic Bimetallic MOF-Derived Porous Carbon-Wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 Composites for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

CuNi alloy/ carbon foam nanohybrids as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers

Facile fabrication of Ni embedded TiO2/C core-shell ternary nanofibers with multicomponent functional synergy for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Constructing 1T/2H MoS2 nanosheets/3D carbon foam for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption.

Metal sulfides based composites as promising efficient microwave absorption materials: A review