MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4524/12820/00592460.pdf

Image Processing

Tables of integrals

List of Contributors. 1. The Development of Automated Diffraction in Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy D.J. Dingley. 2. Theoretical Framework for Electron Backscatter Diffraction V. Randle. 3. Representation of Texture in Orientation Space K. Rajan. 4. Rodriques-Frank Representations of Crystallographic Texture K. Rajan. 5. Fundamentals of Automated EBSD S.I. Wright. 6. Studies on the Accuracy of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Measurements M.C. Demirel, B.S. El-Dasher, B.L. Adams, A.D. Rollett. 7. Phase Identification Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction in the Scanning Electron Microscope J.R. Michael. 8. Three-Dimensional Orientation Imaging D.J. Jensen. 9. Automated Electron Backscatter Diffraction: Present State and Prospects R.A. Schwarzer. 10. EBSD: Buying a Systems A. Eades. 11. Hardware and Software Optimization for Orientation Mapping and Phase Identification P.P. Camus. 12. An Automated EBSD Acquisition and Processing System P. Rolland, K.G. Dicks. 13. Advanced Software Capabilities for Automated EBSD S.I. Wright, D.P. Field, D.J. Dingley. 14. Strategies for Analysis of EBSD Datasets W.E. King, J.S. Stolken, M. Kumar, A.J. Schwartz. 15. Structure-Property Relations: EBSD-Based Materials-Sensitive Design B.L. Adams, B.L. Henrie, L.L. Howell, R.J. Balling. 16. Use of EBSD Data in Mesoscale Numerical Analyses R. Becker, H. Weiland. 17. Characterization of Deformed Microstructures D.P. Field, H. Weiland. 18. Anisotropic Plasticity Modeling Incorporating EBSD Characterization of Tantalum and Zirconium J.F. Bingert, G.C. Kaschner, T.A. Mason, P.J. Maudlin, G.T. Gray III. 19. Measuring Strains Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction A.J. Wilkinson. 20. Mapping Residual Plastic Strain in Materials Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction E.M. Lehockey, Yang-Pi Lin, O.E. Lepik. 21.EBSD Contra TEM Characterization of a Deformed Aluminum Single Crystal Xiaoxu Huang, D.J. Jensen. 22. Continuous Recrystallization and Grain Boundaries in a Superplastic Aluminum Alloy T.R. McNelley. 23. Analysis of Facets and Other Surfaces Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction V. Randle. 24. EBSD of Ceramic Materials J.K. Farrer, J.R. Michael, C.B. Carter. 25. Grain Boundary Character Based Design of Polycrystalline High Temperature Superconducting Wires A. Goyal. Index.

Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science

Soon after the discovery of carbon nanotubes, it was realized that the theoretically predicted mechanical properties of these interesting structures–including high strength, high stiffness, low density and structural perfection–could make them ideal for a wealth of technological applications. The experimental verification, and in some cases refutation, of these predictions, along with a number of computer simulation methods applied to their modeling, has led over the past decade to an improved but by no means complete understanding of the mechanics of carbon nanotubes. We review the theoretical predictions and discuss the experimental techniques that are most often used for the challenging tasks of visualizing and manipulating these tiny structures. We also outline the computational approaches that have been taken, including ab initio quantum mechanical simulations, classical molecular dynamics, and continuum models. The development of multiscale and multiphysics models and simulation tools naturally arises as a result of the link between basic scientific research and engineering application; while this issue is still under intensive study, we present here some of the approaches to this topic. Our concentration throughout is on the exploration of mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, bending stiffness, buckling criteria, and tensile and compressive strengths. Finally, we discuss several examples of exciting applications that take advantage of these properties, including nanoropes, filled nanotubes, nanoelectromechanical systems, nanosensors, and nanotube-reinforced polymers. This review article cites 349 references. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1490129#

/pdf/mechanics-of-carbon-nanotubes-4eqt38eq4w.pdf

Mechanics of carbon nanotubes

Magnetic Heusler alloys which undergo a martensitic transition display interesting functional properties. In the present review, we survey the magnetocaloric effects of Ni-Mn-based Heusler alloys and discuss their relation with the magnetic shape-memory and magnetic superelasticity reported in these materials. We show that all these effects are a consequence of a strong coupling between structure and magnetism which enables a magnetic field to rearrange martensitic variants as well as to provide the possibility to induce the martensitic transition. These two features are respectively controlled by the magnetic anisotropy of the martensitic phase and by the difference in magnetic moments between the structural phases. The relevance of each of these contributions to the magnetocaloric properties is analysed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/21/23/233201/pdf

Magnetocaloric effect and its relation to shape-memory properties in ferromagnetic Heusler alloys

Microstructure of α‐GaN films grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates using low temperature AlN (or GaN) buffer layers has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The defects which penetrate the GaN films are predominantly perfect edge dislocations with Burgers vectors of the 1/3〈1120〉 type, lying along the [0001] growth direction. The main sources of threading dislocations are the low angle grain boundaries, formed during coalescence of islands at the initial stages of GaN growth. The grain sizes range from 50 to 500 nm, with in‐plane misorientations of less than 3°. The nature of these threading dislocations suggests that the defect density would not likely decrease appreciably at increasing film thickness, and the suppression of these dislocations could be more difficult.

Microstructural characterization of α‐GaN films grown on sapphire by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

A new symmetrized solution for phase retrieval using the transport of intensity equation

The magnetometric (volume averaged) demagnetization factors for cylinders with elliptical cross section are computed using a Fourier-space approach and compared with similar results obtained with a different treatment. The demagnetization factors are given as a series expansion in the eccentricity � of the elliptical cross section, where the terms up to order � 10 are given explicitly as a function of the cylinder aspect ratio. Other simplified expressions, valid in restricted regimes, are also given. Two different series expansions, obtained previously and valid in particular combinations of shape parameters, are recalled and compared with the new results. After the computation of the magnetostatic and exchange-energy terms associated with a vortex closure-domain state in the elliptic cylinder, the single-domain limit, or the critical size below which the structure can support quasi-uniform magnetization, is derived and discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/38/18/001/pdf

M. De Graef

Papers

Microstructural characterization of α‐GaN films grown on sapphire by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

A new symmetrized solution for phase retrieval using the transport of intensity equation

Demagnetization factors for elliptic cylinders

Diffraction contrast STEM of dislocations: imaging and simulations.

On the magnetostatic interactions between nanoparticles of arbitrary shape