M. J. Alexander

TL;DR: The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) as discussed by the authors dominates the variability of the equatorial stratosphere (∼16-50 km) and is easily seen as downward propagating easterly and westerly wind regimes, with a variable period averaging approximately 28 months.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of gravity-wave effects in stratosphere-resolving climate models, recent observations and analysis methods that reveal global patterns in gravitywave momentum fluxes and results of very-high-resolution model studies, and outline some future research requirements to improve the treatment of these waves in climate simulations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 9-year record (2003 to 2011) of radiance measurements by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite was used to find and classify hotspots of stratospheric gravity waves on a global scale.

TL;DR: In this article, a 9-year record (2003 to 2011) of radiance measurements by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite was used to find and classify hotspots of stratospheric gravity waves on a global scale.

TL;DR: In this article, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Aqua satellite has been continuously measuring mid-infrared nadir and sub-limb radiance spectra since summer of 2002.