Manfred Ern

TL;DR: In this article, a review of gravity-wave effects in stratosphere-resolving climate models, recent observations and analysis methods that reveal global patterns in gravitywave momentum fluxes and results of very-high-resolution model studies, and outline some future research requirements to improve the treatment of these waves in climate simulations.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the retrieved phases to estimate the horizontal wavelengths and temperature amplitudes of gravity wave (GW) from satellite observations for the first time, and obtained the estimated GW momentum flux (MF) values from low model launch levels.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison between gravity wave fluxes from climate models, high-resolution models, and fluxes derived from observations in large geographical areas is made, and it is shown that such efforts offer a promising path toward improving specifications of gravity wave sources in climate models.

TL;DR: In this article, the absolute values of gravity wave momentum flux are derived from global temperature measurements by the satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER).

TL;DR: The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment aboard the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS) was successfully flown in early November 1994 (STS 66) and in August 1997 (StS 85).