M. Nain

TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that TNF-alpha synthesis in macrophages is up-regulated by cGMP and down- regulated by cAMP, which indicates that cyclic nucleotides act as intracellular messengers for extracellular signals of macrophage activation.

TL;DR: It is shown that long-distance running elevates cytokine production which supports the concept that regular, but not excessive, physical exercise may be beneficial by maintaining a stimulated immune system.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that influenza A virus-induced monocyte killing was due to programmed cell death (apoptosis) and not to necrosis, and damaging and inflammation-inducing lysosomal enzymes are held back from monocytes undergoing controlled cell death.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in addition to their role in innate immunity against exogenous pathogens, nucleic acid-recognizing Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 9 contribute to the immune control of activated ERVs and ERV-induced tumors.

TL;DR: Data show that GM-CSF is capable of priming for the enhanced release of two factors, initially for TNF-alpha and subsequently for PGE2, which suggests an autoregulatory circuit in which the later produced P GE2 limits GM- CSF-induced macrophage activation.