Showing papers in "Immunity in 2012"

TL;DR: The data reveal that oxidized mtDNA released during programmed cell death causes activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and provides a missing link between apoptosis and inflammaome activation, via binding of cytosolic oxidizedmtDNA to the NL RP3 infammasome.

TL;DR: This initial description of the JAK-STAT pathway led quickly to additional discoveries that type II interferons and many other cytokines signal through similar mechanisms, and it now serves as a paradigm showing how information from protein-protein contacts at the cell surface can be conveyed directly to genes in the nucleus.

TL;DR: It is shown that interleukin-15 (IL-15), a cytokine critical for CD8(+) memory T cells, regulated SRC and oxidative metabolism by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1a).

TL;DR: The full scope of the human and mouse chemokine superfamilies and their relationships are updated and several important roles that homeostatic chemokines play in the immune system are summarized.

TL;DR: Not only have genome-wide association studies demonstrated that this pathway is highly relevant to human autoimmunity, but targeting JAKs is now a reality in immune-mediated disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that antibiotic-treated ABX mice exhibit impaired innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses and substantially delayed viral clearance after exposure to systemic LCMV or mucosal influenza virus, indicating that commensal-derived signals provide tonic immune stimulation that establishes the activation threshold of the innate immune system required for optimal antiviral immunity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that GATA-3 is essential for ILC2 fate decisions and similarities between the transcriptional programs controlling ILC and T helper cell fates are revealed.

TL;DR: It is reported that innate lymphocytes termed lung natural helper (LNH) cells are a T cell-independent source of Th2 cell-type cytokines in protease allergen-treated lungs.

TL;DR: It is shown that after reversal of latency in an in vitro model, infected resting CD4(+) T cells survived despite viral cytopathic effects, even in the presence of autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes from most patients on HAART, demonstrating that stimulating HIV-1-specific CTLs prior to reactivating latent HIV- 1 may be essential for successful eradication efforts.

TL;DR: A CD141hi DC present in human interstitial dermis, liver, and lung that was distinct from the majority of CD1c+ and CD14+ tissue DCs and superior at cross-presenting soluble antigens was identified.

TL;DR: It is shown that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) plays an essential role in RORγt(+) ILC maintenance and function, and a previously unrecognized physiological role for Ahr in promoting innate gut immunity by regulating R ORγt (+) I LCs is uncovered.

TL;DR: Two sequential, genetically separable checkpoints of NK cell maturation are revealed, the progression of which is metered largely by the anatomic localization of hematopoiesis.

TL;DR: It is shown that Treg cell development was achieved by the combination of two independent processes, i.e., the expression of Foxp3 and the establishment of TReg cell-specific CpG hypomethylation pattern, and those T cells in which the two events have concurrently occurred are developmentally set into the T Reg cell lineage.

TL;DR: It is shown that CCR2 expression is essential to the recruitment of Ly6C(hi) monocytes to the inflamed gut to become the dominant mononuclear cell type in the lamina propria during settings of acute colitis.

TL;DR: GATA3, potently regulated by TSLP, is identified as an essential transcription factor for the function of human ILC2s, which have the capacity to produce high amounts of type 2 cytokines in response to T SLP plus IL-33.

TL;DR: 3D-PCA data showed much greater complexity in the CD8(+) T cell compartment than previously appreciated, including a nearly combinatorial pattern of cytokine expression, with distinct niches occupied by virus-specific cells.

TL;DR: This study establishes that Treg cells constitute a stable cell lineage, whose committed state in a changing environment is ensured by DNA demethylation of the Foxp3 locus irrespectively of ongoing Foxp 3 expression.

TL;DR: TBK-1 is a key regulator of immunological autophagy and is responsible for the maturation of autophagosomes into lytic bactericidal organelles.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that deficiency of recipient-derived IL-22 increased acute GVHD tissue damage and mortality, that ISCs were eliminated during GV HD, and thatISCs as well as their downstream progenitors expressed the IL- 22 receptor.

TL;DR: It is shown that in both mice and humans, interleukin-34 (IL-34), an alternative ligand for Csf-1 receptor, is produced by keratinocytes in the epidermis and by neurons in the brain.

TL;DR: This work quantified the contribution of thymus output and peripheral naive T cell division to the maintenance of T cells in mice and men and put constraints on the extrapolation of insights into T cell dynamics from mouse to man and vice versa.

TL;DR: These findings provide mechanistic insights into dsDNA as the activation trigger and oligomerization platform for the assembly of large innate signaling complexes such as the inflammasomes.

TL;DR: Differences between exhausted and memory CD8(+) T cells are revealed including lack of coordinated transcriptional modules of quiescence during exhaustion, centrally connected hub genes, pathways such as transcription factors, genes involved in regulation of immune responses, and DNA repair genes, as well as differential connectivity for genes including T-bet, Eomes, and other transcription factors.

TL;DR: Development patterns of distinct Toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses come to light when one contrasts innate immune development at the beginning of life with that toward the end of life, and these developmental patterns of innate cytokine responses correlate with clinical patterns of susceptibility to disease.

TL;DR: This work proposes an ontogeny and structure-based system of antibody classification that informs an understanding of the naive B cell repertoire, of somatic mutation, and of the resulting antibody features that are critical to effective HIV-1 neutralization.

TL;DR: It is shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration impaired influenza-specific GCs, long-lived IgG responses, and Tfh cells, and that IL-2 is a critical factor that regulates successful TfH and B cell responses in vivo and regulates T fh cell development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that activation of the cell death-inducing ripoptosome platform and RIP3 can generate bioactive IL-1β and implicate them as additional targets for the treatment of pathological IL- 1-driven inflammatory responses.

TL;DR: CD103(+)CD11b(+) LPDCs, in addition to promoting long-term tolerance to ingested antigens, also rapidly produce IL-23 in response to detection of flagellin in the lamina propria.

TL;DR: It is found that all inflammasome activators also induced the secretion of IL-1α, leading to the cosecretion of both interleukin-1 cytokines and caspase-1 catalytic activity, defining a mode of action for caspasing-1.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Trex1 is an essential negative regulator of the STING-dependent antiviral response and a stepwise progression of autoimmune disease in Trex 1-deficient mice, with implications for the treatment of AGS and related disorders.