Giant and isotropic magnetoresistance as huge as −53% was observed in magnetic manganese oxide La0.72Ca0.25MnOz films with an intrinsic antiferromagnetic spin structure. We ascribe this magnetoresistance to spin‐dependent electron scattering due to spin canting of the manganese oxide.

31p-S-4 Giant Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Manganese Oxide with Intrinsic Antiferromagnetic Spin Structure

The dielectric properties of Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1−xCo4x/3O3 (CETCox) (x = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10), prepared by a sol–gel method, were systematically characterized. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric properties showed a major effect of the grain and grain boundary. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CETCox decreased sharply with increasing frequency. This is referred to as the Maxwell–Wagner type of polarization in accordance with Koop's theory. As a function of temperature, the dielectric loss and the real part of permittivity decreased with increasing frequency as well as Co rate. Indeed, a classical ferroelectric behavior was observed for x = 0.00. The non-ferroelectric state of the grain boundary and its correlation with structure, however, proved the existence of a relaxor behavior for x = 0.05 and 0.10. The complex electric modulus analysis M*(ω) confirmed that the relaxation process is thermally activated. The normalized imaginary part of the modulus indicated that the relaxation process is dominated by the short range movement of charge carriers.

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Frequency and temperature-dependence of dielectric permittivity and electric modulus studies of the solid solution Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1−xCo4x/3O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1)

Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the ‘junctions’ between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.

Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

This study presents the electrical properties, complex impedance analysis and dielectrical behavior of La05Ca05−xAgxMnO3 manganites with compositions below the concentration limit of silver solubility in perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 02) Transport measurements indicate that all the samples have a semiconductor-like behavior The metal-semiconductor transition is not observed across the whole temperature range explored [80 K–700 K] At a specific temperature, a saturation region was marked in the σ (T) curves We obtained a maximum σdc value at ambient temperature with the introduction of 20% Ag content Two hopping models were applied to study the conduction mechanism We found that activation energy (Ea) related to ac-conductivity is lower than the Ea implicated in dc-conductivity Complex impedance analysis confirms the contribution of grain boundary to conductivity and permits the attribution of grain boundary capacitance evolution to the temperature dependence of the barrier layer width From the temperature dependence of the average normalized change (ANC), we deduce the temperature at which the available density of trapped charge states vanishes Such a temperature is close to the temperature at which the saturation region appears in σ(T) curves Moreover, complex impedance analysis (CIA) indicates the presence of electrical relaxation in materials It is noteworthy that relaxation species such as defects may be responsible for electrical conduction The dielectric behavior of La05Ca05−xAgxMnO3 manganites has a Debye-like relaxation with a sharp decrease in the real part of permittivity at a frequency where the imaginary part of permittivity (e′′) and tg δ plots versus frequency demonstrate a relaxation peak The Debye-like relaxation is explained by Maxwell–Wagner (MW) polarization Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the Smit and Wijn theory

Conduction mechanism, impedance spectroscopic investigation and dielectric behavior of La0.5Ca0.5-xAgxMnO3 manganites with compositions below the concentration limit of silver solubility in perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2).

This article presents the annealing effect on the structural, elastic, thermodynamic, optical, magnetic, and electric properties of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.5Al0.5O4 (NZFAO) nanoparticles (NPs). The samples were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method followed by annealing of the as-synthesized at 600, 800, 900, 1050, and 1200 °C. This approach yielded the formation of a highly crystalline structure with crystallite size ranging from 17 nm to 40 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, as well as energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, were used in order to determine the structural and morphological properties of the prepared samples. Rietveld XRD refinement reveals that Ni–Zn–Al ferrite nanoparticles crystallize in inverse cubic (Fdm) spinel structure. Using FTIR spectra, the elastic and thermodynamic properties were estimated. It was observed that the particle size had a pronounced effect on elastic and thermodynamic properties. Magnetic measurements were performed up to 700 K. The prepared ferrite samples present the highest Curie temperature, which decreases with increasing particle size and which is consistent with finite-size scaling. The thickness of the surface shell of about 1 nm was estimated from size-dependent magnetization measurements using the core–shell model. Besides, spin resonance, magnetostriction, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), and electrical resistivity properties have been scientifically studied and appear to be different according to their size. The optical properties of synthesized NZFAO nanoparticles were investigated, and the differences caused by the particle sizes are discussed on the basis of the phonon confinement effect. This effect was also inspected by the Raman analysis. Tuning of the physical properties suggests that the Ni–Zn–Al ferrite samples may be promising for multifunctional diverse applications.

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Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of Ni–Zn–Al ferrite spinel: from the nanoscale to microscale

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ag-doped La0.5Ca0.5−xAgxMnO3 compounds with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4

The electric and dielectric properties of La0.5Ca0.5−xAgxMnO3 (LCMO–Ag with x = 0 and x = 0.4) were investigated using the impedance spectroscopy technique. For the free compound, conductivity analysis proved the absence of a metal–semiconductor transition in the temperature range of 80 K to 700 K. When silver was introduced, such transition appears at around TMS = 200 K. We found that the conduction mechanism was governed by small polaron hopping (SPH) in the high temperature region and by variable range hopping (VRH) in the low temperature region. Several results were deduced from the complex impedance analysis (CIA). First, a non-Debye relaxation phenomenon in the system was observed. Second, the CIA permitted us to model the compounds in terms of an electrical equivalent circuit. Moreover, this study confirmed the contribution of the grain boundary in the transport properties. It was found that the activation energy deduced from the conductivity, the relaxation time and the grain boundary were close to each other. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were investigated. For the free compound, the dielectric transition was not observed in the investigated temperature range but, for the doped compound, the dielectric transition appeared at Td = 200 K. The Td value was close to the TMS value. The thermal evolution of the real part of dielectric permittivity is described by the Curie–Weiss law. From the variation of the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity and the dielectric loss versus temperature at different frequencies, we found that the free compound had a typical behavior of a relaxor but the doped one had a typical behavior of a normal dielectric.

M. Smari

Papers

Conduction mechanism, impedance spectroscopic investigation and dielectric behavior of La0.5Ca0.5-xAgxMnO3 manganites with compositions below the concentration limit of silver solubility in perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2).

Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of Ni–Zn–Al ferrite spinel: from the nanoscale to microscale

Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ag-doped La0.5Ca0.5−xAgxMnO3 compounds with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4

Electric–dielectric properties and complex impedance analysis of La0.5Ca0.5−xAgxMnO3 manganites

Critical parameters near the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition in La0.5Ca0.5−xAgxMnO3 compounds (0.1≤x≤0.2)