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Functional Nucleic Acid Sensors

An analyte monitor includes a sensor, a sensor control unit, and a display unit. The sensor has, for example, a substrate, a recessed channel formed in the substrate, and conductive material disposed in the recessed channel to form a working electrode. The sensor control unit typically has a housing adapted for placement on skin and is adapted to receive a portion of an electrochemical sensor. The sensor control unit also includes two or more conductive contacts disposed on the housing and configured for coupling to two or more contact pads on the sensor. A transmitter is disposed in the housing and coupled to the plurality of conductive contacts for transmitting data obtained using the sensor. The display unit has a receiver for receiving data transmitted by the transmitter of the sensor control unit and a display coupled to the receiver for displaying an indication of a level of an analyte. The analyte monitor may also be part of a drug delivery system to alter the level of the analyte based on the data obtained using the sensor.

Analyte Monitoring Device And Methods Of Use

Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food

Over 7,000 peer reviewed articles have been published on electrochemical glucose assays and sensors over recent years. Their number makes a full review of the literature, or even of the most recent advances, impossible. Nevertheless, this chapter should acquaint the reader with the fundamentals of the electrochemistry of glucose and provide a perspective of the evolution of the electrochemical glucose assays and monitors helping diabetic people, who constitute about 5 % of the world’s population. Because of the large number of diabetic people, no assay is performed more frequently than that of glucose. Most of these assays are electrochemical. The reader interested also in nonelectrochemical assays used in, or proposed for, the management of diabetes is referred to a 2007 excellent review of Kondepati and Heise [1].

Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management.

http://cau.ac.kr/~jjang14/BioMEMS/Lazcka_BSBE_Pathogen_Detection_Review_2006.pdf

Pathogen detection: a perspective of traditional methods and biosensors.

At present, most biomarker testing is taking place at centralised dedicated laboratories using large, automated analysers, increasing waiting time and costs. Smaller, faster and cheaper devices are highly desired for replacing these time-consuming laboratory analyses and for making analytical results available at the patient’s bedside (point-of-care diagnostics). Innovative biosensor-based strategies could allow biomarkers to be tested reliably in a decentralised setting, although several challenges and limitations remain, which need to be improved, in the design and application of biosensors for the appropriate interpretation of the identified and quantified biomarkers. The development of biosensors is probably one of the most promising ways to solve some of the problems concerning the increasing need to develop highly sensitive, fast and economic methods of analysis in medical diagnostics. In this review, some consideration will be given to biosensors and their application in medical diagnostics, taking into account several crucial features.

Biosensors for biomarkers in medical diagnostics

Polyphenols are widespread in vegetables and fruits. They can play an important role in human diet and health, and they influence the sensorial properties of many foods, and act as natural antioxidants. This study was conducted using HPLC/DAD, tyrosinase biosensor, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analyses to detect polyphenolic compounds in natural complex matrices. The analyses were applied to a series of both standards and natural extracts derived from grape, olives, and green tea. The pure compounds include phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, catechins, tannins, and oleuropein. HPLC/DAD, DPV, and the biosensor approach were used as independent analytical techniques. Bare graphite screen-printed electrodes were employed in DPV and in the biosensor analysis. The most accurate data were obtained by HPLC/DAD analysis, while the DPV approach using screen-printed electrodes could represent a quick screening method for the determination of polyphenols in natural extracts. Use of the biosensor for the analysis of complex matrices needs further study in order to improve its performance.

Comparison among differential pulse voltammetry, amperometric biosensor, and HPLC/DAD analysis for polyphenol determination.

A microdialysis technique for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients (part 1).

A lactate electrode with lactate oxidase immobilized on nylon net for blood serum samples in flow systems

An optimized digestion method coupled to electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg in fish by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry

Marcello Mascini

Papers

Biosensors for biomarkers in medical diagnostics

Comparison among differential pulse voltammetry, amperometric biosensor, and HPLC/DAD analysis for polyphenol determination.

A microdialysis technique for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients (part 1).

A lactate electrode with lactate oxidase immobilized on nylon net for blood serum samples in flow systems

An optimized digestion method coupled to electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg in fish by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry