Marco Frentsch

TL;DR: CD4 + T cells that are reactive against the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 and healthy donors are found, indicating that spike-protein cross-reactive T cells are present and probably generated during previous encounters with endemic coronaviruses.

TL;DR: The approach allows assessment of TH cells with a defined specificity for the combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of TH-cell immunity as well as for the isolation of specific TH cells for targeted cellular immunotherapies.

TL;DR: This study is the first to directly measure SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses providing critical tools for large scale testing, in depth epitope mapping and characterization of potential cross-reacting cellular immunity to SARS, as well as larger scale prospective cohort studies needed to assess whether their presence is a correlate of protection or pathology.

TL;DR: In this article, the functional relevance of preexisting cross-immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a subject of intense debate.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that activated nTreg and activated conventional T cells differ in their 4-1BB and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression signatures, allowing a clear dissection from each other, and the possibility to simultaneously analyze Ag-specific nT Reg and conventional T Cells and to establish cellular therapies aiming at a specific inhibition of unwanted immunity is offered.