In the past few years, spiropyran has emerged as the molecule-of-choice for the construction of novel dynamic materials. This unique molecular switch undergoes structural isomerisation in response to a variety of orthogonal stimuli, e.g. light, temperature, metal ions, redox potential, and mechanical stress. Incorporation of this switch onto macromolecular supports or inorganic scaffolds allows for the creation of robust dynamic materials. This review discusses the synthesis, switching conditions, and use of dynamic materials in which spiropyran has been attached to the surfaces of polymers, biomacromolecules, inorganic nanoparticles, as well as solid surfaces. The resulting materials show fascinating properties whereby the state of the switch intimately affects a multitude of useful properties of the support. The utility of the spiropyran switch will undoubtedly endow these materials with far-reaching applications in the near future.

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Spiropyran-based dynamic materials

A review. Physicochem. properties of ionic liqs. are discussed. Chem. and electrochem. reactivity in ionic liqs. is described including electrode reactions, electrode reaction kinetics, electrosynthesis, etc.

Electrochemical reactivity in room-temperature ionic liquids.

Ionic liquids are liquids composed completely of ions. In the past two decades, ionic liquids have been widely used as “green solvents” replacing traditional organic solvents for organic synthesis and catalysis. In addition, ionic liquids are playing an increasingly important role in separation science. In this Account, the application of ionic liquids in all areas of separation science including extractions, gas chromatography, and supported liquid membrane processes are highlighted.

Ionic liquids in separations.

Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: Application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks

https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_1925102_4/component/file_1925101/562340.pdf

Poly(ionic liquid)s: Polymers expanding classical property profiles

This paper provides a comprehensive review of synergistic solvent extraction using crown ethers with a focus on the role of both extractants in facilitating cation-specific separations. An introduction to the various equilibria affecting synergistic extraction using crown ethers is followed by a review of the work published in this field during the 1972-1999 time period. The influence of various solvent extraction parameters on the potential for cation-selective synergism is critically examined. Those synergistic extractant combinations showing cation selectivity are highlighted, as are the fundamental investigations that are the foundation of the current understanding of synergistic solvent extraction using crown ethers.

Incorporating Size Selectivity into Synergistic Solvent Extraction: A Review of Crown Ether‐Containing Systems

A simple ion-exchange experiment in which the amount of calcium present in dietary supplement tablets is determined.

The determination of calcium in dietary supplement tablets by ion exchange: A freshman laboratory experiment

Using a dynamic flow method, the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) solubilities of two series of symmetrically substituted alkylenediphosphonic acids, bearing 2‐ethylhexyl and 3‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyl ester groups, respectively, were determined as a function of the number of methylene groups separating the two phosphorus atoms. An even–odd effect, similar to that observed previously for the aggregation of these compounds in nonpolar diluents, was observed, with compounds that form more highly aggregated species in nonpolar diluents exhibiting lower solubility in SC‐CO2. Differences in the relative solubilities of analogous members of these series prompted the study of the SC‐CO2 solubilities of symmetrically substituted methylenediphosphonic acids bearing seven‐ and eight‐carbon ester groups of various degrees of branching to determine the relative importance of steric and electronic effects in determining SC‐CO2 solubilities. When molecular connectivity indices were used to quantify the ext...

Application of Molecular Connectivity Indices to the Design of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide‐Soluble Metal Ion Extractants: SC‐CO2 Solubilities of Symmetrically Substituted Alkylenediphosphonic Acids

In the extraction of strontium nitrate from aqueous nitric acid solutions into a series of hydrophobic N-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-N’-alkylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imides by dicyclohexano-1...

Mark L. Dietz

Papers

Incorporating Size Selectivity into Synergistic Solvent Extraction: A Review of Crown Ether‐Containing Systems

The determination of calcium in dietary supplement tablets by ion exchange: A freshman laboratory experiment

Application of Molecular Connectivity Indices to the Design of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide‐Soluble Metal Ion Extractants: SC‐CO2 Solubilities of Symmetrically Substituted Alkylenediphosphonic Acids

Solvent Water Content as a Factor in the Design of Metal Ion Extraction Systems Employing Ionic Liquids

Interfacial area measurement as a source of error in the study of extraction kinetics by the high-speed stirring technique