http://www.cognitiveneuroscience.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Woods_et_al_clinph_tES_2016.pdf

A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines

Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: A review

Functional role of frontal alpha oscillations in creativity

Perception, cognition and consciousness can be modulated as a function of oscillating neural activity, while ongoing neuronal dynamics are influenced by synaptic activity and membrane potential. Consequently, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may be used for neurological intervention. The advantageous features of tACS include the biphasic and sinusoidal tACS currents, the ability to entrain large neuronal populations, and subtle control over somatic effects. Through neuromodulation of phasic, neural activity, tACS is a powerful tool to investigate the neural correlates of cognition. The rapid development in this area requires clarity about best practices. Here we briefly introduce tACS and review the most compelling findings in the literature to provide a starting point for using tACS. We suggest that tACS protocols be based on functional brain mechanisms and appropriate control experiments, including active sham and condition blinding.

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Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) Mechanisms and Protocols

Neurosensory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

We measure different contributions to entropy production in a living functional epithelial tissue. We do this by extracting the functional dynamics of development while at the same time quantifying fluctuations. Using the translucent Drosophila melanogaster pupal epithelium as an ideal tissue for high-resolution live imaging, we measure the entropy associated with the stochastic geometry of cells in the epithelium. This is done using a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the shape and orientation of individual cells which enables separation of local and global aspects of the tissue behavior. Intriguingly, we find that we can observe irreversible dynamics in the cell geometries but without a change in the entropy associated with those degrees of freedom, showing that there is a flow of energy into those degrees of freedom. Hence, the living system is controlling how the entropy is being produced and partitioned into its different parts.

Fluctuations of cell geometry and their nonequilibrium thermodynamics in living epithelial tissue.

We introduce a measure of the entropy production in a living functional epithelial tissue. We do this by extracting the functional dynamics of development while at the same time quantifying fluctuations. Using the translucent Drosophila melanogaster pupal epithelium as an ideal tissue for high resolution live imaging [1], we find surprisingly, irreversible dynamics without entropy production. This is done using a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the shape and orientation of individual cells which enables separation of local and global aspects of the tissue behaviour.

Fluctuations, geometry and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living epithelial tissue

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Olenik and Houghton. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Corrigendum: A scalar poincaré map for anti-phase bursting in coupled inhibitory neurons with synaptic depression

Corrigendum: A scalar poincaré map for anti-phase bursting in coupled inhibitory neurons with synaptic depression

Short-term synaptic plasticity is found in many areas of the central nervous system. In the inhibitory half-center central pattern generators involved in locomotion, synaptic depression is believed to act as a burst termination mechanism, allowing networks to generate anti-phase bursting patterns of varying periods. To better understand burst generation in these central pattern generators, we study a minimal network of two neurons coupled through depressing synapses. Depending on the strength of the synaptic conductance between the two neurons, this network can produce symmetric n : n anti-phase bursts, where neurons fire n spikes in alternation, with the period of such solutions increasing with the strength of the synaptic conductance. Relying on the timescale disparity in the model, we reduce the eight-dimensional network equations to a fully-explicit scalar Poincaré burst map. This map tracks the state of synaptic depression from one burst to the next and captures the complex bursting dynamics of the network. Fixed points of this map are associated with stable burst solutions of the full network model, and are created through fold bifurcations of maps. We derive conditions that predict the bifurcations between n : n and (n + 1) : (n + 1) solutions, producing a full bifurcation diagram of the burst cycle period. Predictions of the Poincaré map fit excellently with numerical simulations of the full network model and allow the study of parameter sensitivity for rhythm generation.

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Mark Olenik

Papers

Neurosensory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Fluctuations of cell geometry and their nonequilibrium thermodynamics in living epithelial tissue.

Fluctuations, geometry and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living epithelial tissue

Corrigendum: A scalar poincaré map for anti-phase bursting in coupled inhibitory neurons with synaptic depression

A Scalar Poincaré Map for Anti-phase Bursting in Coupled Inhibitory Neurons With Synaptic Depression