Showing papers in "Brain Stimulation in 2014"

TL;DR: The effects of TDCS over the motor cortex on corticospinal excitability are tested and the large variability in response to these TDCS protocols is in line with similar studies using other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation.

TL;DR: The implications of the high rate of 'dose-failure' for experimental and therapeutic applications of NIBS lead us to conclude that addressing inter-individual variability is a key area of concern for the field.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tVNS) on autonomic function in 48 healthy participants were investigated using heart rate variability (HRV) and microneurography.

TL;DR: Prefrontal tDCS has the potential to modulate numerous cognitive functions simultaneously, but to properly interpret the results, a clear a priori hypothesis is necessary and careful technical consideration are mandatory.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the pulsed application of FUS selectively stimulates specific brain areas-of-interest at an acoustic intensity that is compatible with regulatory safety limits on biological tissue, thus allowing for potential applications in neurotherapeutics.

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence is provided that concurrent CCT enhances antidepressant outcomes from tDCS, and the clinical superiority of a combined therapeutic approach was apparent even in a small sample and following a relatively short treatment course.

TL;DR: The results suggest that iTBS is capable of inducing relatively robust and consistent effects within and between young individuals, and the capacity for iTBS to be exploited in clinical and rehabilitative interventions should continue to be explored.

TL;DR: Testing whether focused ultrasound transmitted through the human skull and targeted to somatosensory cortex can affect the phase and phase rate of cortical oscillatory dynamics finds that the skull effectively reinforces the focusing of tFUS due to curvature of material interfaces.

TL;DR: The data indicates that tDCS facilitates cognitive reappraisal in both directions by either increasing or decreasing emotional responsiveness depending on the regulatory goal, providing further evidence for the potential use of tDCS as a tool to modulate cognitive reappRAisal.

TL;DR: Delivering high doses of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over three days (54,000 stimuli) to suicidal inpatients is possible and safe, with few side effects and no worsening of suicidal thinking.

TL;DR: Stimulation enhanced slow oscillation power in children with ADHD and boosted memory performance to the same level as in healthy children indicate that increasing slow oscillating direct current stimulation during sleep by toDCS can alleviate declarative memory deficits.

TL;DR: Cerebellar stimulation modified the CBI circuits and reduced the heterotopic PAS potentiation, leading to a normal pattern of topographic specific induced plasticity in patients with cervical dystonia.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that FUS with microbubbles can stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis, a process involved in learning and memory and affected in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: This model parsimoniously explains findings from a range of experiments and should be considered as a viable alternative explanation of the generating mechanism of I-waves.

TL;DR: The double-cone and batwing coils designed to stimulate deeper tissue can effectively stimulate cerebellar targets and can guide coil selection and stimulation parameters when designing Cerebellar TMS studies.

TL;DR: The results suggest that stimulation precisely adjusted in frequency to the endogenous oscillations is key to rational design of non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms and suggest that the key mechanism of tACS may be enhancing, but not overriding, intrinsic network dynamics.

TL;DR: The data suggest a combined tDCS/PES intervention more effectively improves CLBP symptoms and mechanisms of cortical organization and sensitization, than either intervention applied alone or a sham control.

TL;DR: Deep rTMS to bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex yielded a reduction in social relating impairment and socially-related anxiety in ASD, and protocols that approximate those used in depression in an attempt to replicate and amplify the clinical response.

TL;DR: A systematic review of TMS studies focusing on motor cortical excitability in dementia, schizophrenia, affective disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette Syndrome, substance abuse and other disorders indicates a general alteration in motor cortical inhibition in mental illness, rather than disease-specific changes.

TL;DR: The data suggest that tDCS could be a useful fatigue countermeasure and may be more beneficial than caffeine since boosts in performance and mood last several hours.

TL;DR: Daily tDCS does not appear to have substantial potential in the treatment of hallucinations or negative symptoms and further research should investigate higher doses of stimulation or more frequently applied treatment schedules.

TL;DR: Changes in delta activity support the idea that stimulation induced effects are mediated by the dopaminergic brain reward system, which presumably plays a prominent, but probably not exclusive, role in this stimulation induced behavioral modulation, making this method a promising smoking cessation treatment candidate.

TL;DR: Results show that repeated anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC had no effect on apathy in elderly patients with moderate AD, and tDCS was well tolerated and not associated with significant adverse effects.

TL;DR: Despite the lack of additional clinical changes, real bilateral tDCS, together with CIMT, significantly reduces inter-hemispheric imbalance between affected and unaffected hemispheres and may shed light on plasticity changes in acute stroke and its potential impact in chronic phases.

TL;DR: TMS for PTSD appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment that warrants additional study to further define treatment parameters, course, and side effects.

TL;DR: Low frequency rTMS appears to be as effective as venlafaxine and aseffective as the combination of both treatments for TRD, and might be a useful alternative treatment for patients with TRD.

TL;DR: cTBS induces consistent LTD-like plasticity with low inter-subject variability if pre-activation of the stimulated motor cortex is avoided, which affirms a translational potential of cTBS in clinical applications that aim at reducing cortical excitability.

TL;DR: Investigating the indirect electrophysiological effects of single transcranial direct current stimulation on cocaine-addicted brains found that exposure to crack-related images led to increased activity in the ACC in the sham group, while the tDCS group showed decreased ACC activity after visualization of drug cues.

TL;DR: The data suggest tVNS to be considered safe in patients without a history of cardiac disease, and there was no clinically relevant improvement of tinnitus complaints.

TL;DR: In this mechanistic study, an increase in corticobulbar excitability the unaffected projection was correlated with the improvement in swallowing safety, but modality-specific differences were observed.