计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

Lights, camera, action: high-throughput plant phenotyping is ready for a close-up

Agriculture is diverse and full of contradictions. The sector accounts for a griculture is diverse and full of contradictions. The sector accounts for a comparatively small share of the global economy, but remains central comparatively small share of the global economy, but remains central to the lives of a great many people. In 2012, of the world’s 7.1 billion to the lives of a great many people. In 2012, of the world’s 7.1 billion people, an estimated 1.3 billion (19 percent) were directly engaged in farming, people, an estimated 1.3 billion (19 percent) were directly engaged in farming, but agriculture (including the relatively small hunting/fi shing and forestry sectors) but agriculture (including the relatively small hunting/fi shing and forestry sectors) represented just 2.8 percent of overall income (World Bank 2012). However, in represented just 2.8 percent of overall income (World Bank 2012). However, in today’s middle- and low-income countries, where most of the world’s farmers are today’s middle- and low-income countries, where most of the world’s farmers are to be found, agriculture accounts for a much greater share of national income and to be found, agriculture accounts for a much greater share of national income and employment—for instance, in India, agriculture represents 18 percent of national employment—for instance, in India, agriculture represents 18 percent of national income and 54 percent of employment. income and 54 percent of employment. 1

https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.28.1.121

Agriculture in the Global Economy

Recent theoretical advances in total factor productivity (TFP) measurement mean that TFP indexes can now be exhaustively decomposed into unambiguous measures of technical change and efficiency change. To date, all applications of this new methodology have involved decomposing indexes that have poor theoretical properties. This article shows how the methodology can be used to decompose a new TFP index that satisfies all economically-relevant axioms from index theory. The application is to state-level data from 1960 to 2004. In most states, the main drivers of agricultural TFP change are found to have been technical change and scale and mix efficiency change.

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Nonparametric Estimates of the Components of Productivity and Profitability Change in U.S. Agriculture

The Shifting Patterns of Agricultural Production and Productivity Worldwide

CONTEXT.- A Brief History of U.S. Agriculture.- INPUTS, OUTPUTS AND PRODUCTIVITY.- Agricultural Inputs.- Agricultural Outputs.- Agricultural Productivity Patterns.- AGRICULTURAL R&D FUNDING AND POLICIES.- Research Funding and Performance.- The Federal Role.- MODELS OF R&D AND PRODUCTIVITY.- Research Lags and Spillovers.- Models of Research and Productivity.- Econometric Estimation and Results.- Productivity Patterns and Research Benefits.- INTERPRETATION AND SYNTHESIS.- Interpretation and Assessment of Benefit-Cost Findings.- Synthesis.

Persistence Pays: U.S. Agricultural Productivity Growth and the Benefits from Public R&D Spending

We use newly constructed state-specific data to explore the implications of common modeling choices for measures of research returns. Our results indicate that state-to-state spillover effects are important, that the research and development lag is longer than many studies have allowed, and that misspecification can give rise to significant biases. Across states, the average of the own-state benefit-cost ratios is 21:1, or 32:1 when the spillover benefits to other states are included. These ratios correspond to real internal rates of return of 9% or 10% per annum, much smaller than those typically reported in the literature, partly because we have corrected for a methodological flaw in computing rates of return. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.

/pdf/the-economic-returns-to-u-s-public-agricultural-research-kxqyn1ougx.pdf

The Economic Returns to U.S. Public Agricultural Research

Agricultural research has transformed agriculture and in doing so contributed to the transformation of economies. Economic issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market failures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic consequences for net income and its distribution, and because the consequences are difficult to discern and attribute. Economists have developed models and measures of the economic consequences of agricultural R&D and related policies in contributions that relate to a very broad literature ranging across production economics, development economics, industrial organization, economic history, welfare economics, political economy, econometrics, and so on. A key general finding is that the social rate of return to investments in agricultural R&D has been generally high. Specific findings differ depending on methods and modeling assumptions, particularly assumptions concerning the research lag distribution, the nature of the r...

/pdf/the-economics-of-agricultural-r-d-2uysr3bddi.pdf

Matthew A. Andersen

Papers

Persistence Pays: U.S. Agricultural Productivity Growth and the Benefits from Public R&D Spending

The Economic Returns to U.S. Public Agricultural Research

The Economics of Agricultural R&D

The Economic impact of public agricultural research and development in the United States

Public investment in U.S. agricultural R&D and the economic benefits