Matthew P. Fox

TL;DR: In resource‐limited settings, where genotypic drug resistance testing is rarely performed and poor adherence is the most common reason for treatment failure, programmatic approaches to handling treatment failure are essential.

TL;DR: Increased rates of colonization by pediatric serotypes suggest a potential role for the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected adults.

TL;DR: The many adolescents aged 15-19 years receiving ART reflect the ageing of children entering care at ages 1-14 years, and increases in care-seeking among horizontally infected adolescents aged 10-15 years, however, many adolescents seeking care do not start ART, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to increase uptake of ART and improve services for this population.

TL;DR: Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis modestly suppresses pneumococcal colonization but accelerates infant acquisition of co-trimmingazole- and clindamycin-resistant pneumococci and appears unlikely to compromise the future efficacy of conjugate vaccines.

TL;DR: HIV-infected children with severe pneumonia fail WHO-standard treatment with parenteral penicillin or amoxicillin at day 2 and day 14 more often than do HIV-un Infected children, especially young infants.