Maurice B. Mittelmark

TL;DR: These examinations in CHS permit evaluation of CVD risk factors in older adults, particularly in groups previously under-represented in epidemiologic studies, such as women and the very old.

TL;DR: Objective measures of subclinical disease and disease severity were independent and joint predictors of 5-year mortality in older adults, along with male sex, relative poverty, physical activity, smoking, indicators of frailty, and disability.

TL;DR: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs, measured noninvasively by the ankle-arm index (AAI) is associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, and an AAI of <0.9 is an independent risk factor for incident CVD, recurrentCVD, and mortality in this group of older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that even an intense program may not be able to generate enough additional exposure to risk reduction messages and activities in a large enough fraction of the population to accelerate the remarkably favorable secular trends in health promotion activities and in most coronary heart disease risk factors present in the study communities.

TL;DR: Entering seventh grade, most children believe that smoking endangers their long-term health, and three sources of social pressure were found to often have an overriding influence to begin smoking: peers, models of smoking parents, and media.