An Introduction to Codes and Coding Chapter Summary Purposes of the Manual What Is a Code? Codifying and Categorizing What Gets Coded? The Mechanics of Coding The Numbers of Codes Manual and CAQDAS Coding Solo and Team Coding Necessary Personal Attributes for Coding On Method Writing Analytic Memos Chapter Summary The Purposes of Analytic Memo-Writing What Is an Analytic Memo? Examples of Analytic Memos Coding and Categorizing Analytic Memos Grounded Theory and Its Coding Canon Analytic Memos on Visual Data First-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Coding Cycles Selecting the Appropriate Coding Method(s) Overview of First-Cycle Coding Methods The Coding Methods Profiles Grammatical Methods Elemental Methods Affective Methods Literary and Language Methods Exploratory Methods Forms for Additional First-Cycle Coding Methods Theming the Data Procedural Methods After First-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding Transitions Eclectic Coding Code Mapping and Landscaping Operational Model Diagramming Additional Transition Methods Transitioning to Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Goals of Second-Cycle Methods Overview of Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Forms for Additional Second-Cycle Coding Methods After Second-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding and Pre-Writing Transitions Focusing Strategies From Coding to Theorizing Formatting Matters Writing about Coding Ordering and Re-Ordering Assistance from Others Closure Appendix A: A Glossary of Coding Methods Appendix B: A Glossary of Analytic Recommendations Appendix C: Field Note, Interview Transcript and Document Samples for Coding Appendix D: Exercises and Activities for Coding and Qualitative Data Analytic Skill Development References Index

The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Saturation has attained widespread acceptance as a methodological principle in qualitative research. It is commonly taken to indicate that, on the basis of the data that have been collected or analysed hitherto, further data collection and/or analysis are unnecessary. However, there appears to be uncertainty as to how saturation should be conceptualized, and inconsistencies in its use. In this paper, we look to clarify the nature, purposes and uses of saturation, and in doing so add to theoretical debate on the role of saturation across different methodologies. We identify four distinct approaches to saturation, which differ in terms of the extent to which an inductive or a deductive logic is adopted, and the relative emphasis on data collection, data analysis, and theorizing. We explore the purposes saturation might serve in relation to these different approaches, and the implications for how and when saturation will be sought. In examining these issues, we highlight the uncertain logic underlying saturation—as essentially a predictive statement about the unobserved based on the observed, a judgement that, we argue, results in equivocation, and may in part explain the confusion surrounding its use. We conclude that saturation should be operationalized in a way that is consistent with the research question(s), and the theoretical position and analytic framework adopted, but also that there should be some limit to its scope, so as not to risk saturation losing its coherence and potency if its conceptualization and uses are stretched too widely.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11135-017-0574-8.pdf

Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data

Sufficient knowledge is available about the definition, details and differences of qualitative content and thematic analysis as two approaches of qualitative descriptive research. However, identifying the main features of theme as the data analysis product and the method of its development remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of theme and offer a method on theme construction that can be used by qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis researchers in line with the underpinning specific approach to data analysis. This methodological paper comprises an analytical overview of qualitative descriptive research products and the meaning of theme. Also, our practical experiences of qualitative analysis supported by relevant published literature informed the generation of a stage like model of theme construction for qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. This paper comprises: (i) analytical importance of theme, (ii) meaning of theme, (iii) meaning of category, (iv) theme and category in terms of level of content, and (v) theme development. This paper offers a conceptual clarification and a pragmatic step by step method of theme development that has the capacity of assisting nurse researchers understand how theme is developed. As nursing is a pragmatic discipline, nurse researchers have tried to develop practical findings and devise some way to “do something” with findings to enhance the action and impact of nursing. The application of a precise method of theme development for qualitative descriptive data analysis suggested in this paper helps yield meaningful, credible and practical results for nursing.

/pdf/theme-development-in-qualitative-content-analysis-and-2q4az4zl8f.pdf

Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis

Australian bariatric nurses: What do they do and what do they need?

Inclusive Practice for Health Professionals equips students with knowledge of the social, political and cultural factors that influence health care in Australia, to prepare them to be well informed, considerate health professionals. It embraces the multidisciplinary nature of work in the health professions, and applies the term inclusive practice to focus attention on its relevance to all healthcare professionals and improving health outcomes. The book considers the interface between health care delivery, health care professionals and population groups, and examines the key concepts, influences and strategies of inclusive practice to help students develop best practice skills for working in complex and diverse healthcare settings.

Inclusive Practice for Health Professionals

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Hassankhani H, Rezagholifam A, Rahmani A, et al. Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2022. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884. APA Hassankhani, H., Rezagholifam, A., Rahmani, A., Gilani, N., Sanaat, Z., & Birks, M. et al. (2022). Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884 Chicago Hassankhani, Hadi, Akram Rezagholifam, Azad Rahmani, Neda Gilani, Zohreh Sanaat, Melanie Birks, and Razieh Hassankhani. 2022. "Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer". Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884. Harvard Hassankhani, H., Rezagholifam, A., Rahmani, A., Gilani, N., Sanaat, Z., Birks, M., and Hassankhani, R. (2022). Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884 MLA Hassankhani, Hadi et al. "Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 2022. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884. Vancouver Hassankhani H, Rezagholifam A, Rahmani A, Gilani N, Sanaat Z, Birks M et al. Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2022. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2022.115884. 

Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer

[Extract] The 2008 research project Nursing in remote or isolated areas of Queensland: A multiple case study was commissioned by Queensland Health’s Office of the Chief Nursing Officer. A team of researchers from Monash University's School of Nursing and Midwifery used a multiple case study design to address the aims of the research, which were to:

• identify the similarities and differences in the role of the registered nurse working in single nurse posts in remote or isolated centres in Queensland compared to like communities in Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia;

• align the core role of the registered nurse working in remote or isolated practice with the burden of disease/model of care in the community; and

• identify the requisite competencies and training required by a registered nurse to function effectively in a remote or isolated community.

Research aims to improve remote area nursing in QLD.

The use of humanoid robot technologies within global healthcare settings is rapidly evolving; however, the potential of robots in health promotion and health education is not established. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a social humanoid robot on individuals’ knowledge of influenza (flu) prevention and attitudes towards influenza vaccination. A multi-methods approach involving pre and post-test questions and interviews was used. The study was undertaken in a publicly funded tertiary level hospital in northern Queensland, Australia. Of the 995 participants, the majority were visitors (53.07%). The mean age of the participants was 42.25 (SD=19.54) years. Based on the three knowledge questions that were posed at the two-point interactions of participants with the humanoid robot ‘Pepper’, the results showed that there was a significant difference in the correct responses pre- and post-test regarding the best way to avoid getting the flu (Exact McNemar significance probability <.0001), how long the flu virus can live outside the human body (p <.0001) and the length of time for handwashing to be effective against spreading germs (p <.0001). The results also showed that there was a significant difference in attitudes associated with influenza vaccination when pre-test was compared to post-test (p=.0019). Interaction of the participants with the humanoid robot demonstrated immediate knowledge gains and attitudinal change that suggests that humanoid robots may be an important intervention for health promotion in prevention of influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Melanie Birks

Papers

Australian bariatric nurses: What do they do and what do they need?

Inclusive Practice for Health Professionals

Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer

Research aims to improve remote area nursing in QLD.

Health Promotion, Health Literacy and Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Humanoid Robots