Showing papers by "Michael J. Baum published in 2003"
TL;DR: In order to make an informed choice on screening, women need to be aware of the range of uncertainties for both the benefits (that is, preventing death from breast cancer) and the harms.
Abstract: Scientists continue to argue about the benefits of breast screening, but ultimately decisions about screening should be made by women themselves. To make this decision, however, women need to fully understand both the benefits and the potential harms.
86 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that establishes an essential role for estradiol, synthesized locally via aromatization of testosterone in the adult as well as the developing male nervous system of rats, ferrets, and mice, in both the organization and adult activation of neural circuits that control appetitive aswell as consummatory components of masculine sexual behavior.
Abstract: Evidence is reviewed that establishes an essential role for estradiol, synthesized locally via aromatization of testosterone in the adult as well as the developing male nervous system of rats, ferrets, and mice, in both the organization and adult activation of neural circuits that control appetitive as well as consummatory components of masculine sexual behavior. Evidence is also reviewed suggesting that perinatal estradiol biosynthesis and action in the female's nervous system may contribute to the development of female-typical sexual behavior.
53 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that ferrets could use anal scent gland secretions in mate recognition and that seasonal increases in circulating sex steroid hormones increase ferrets' responsiveness to low concentrations of these odors.
46 citations
Journal Article•
23 citations
TL;DR: The third generation of specific AIs have made a very exciting contribution to the management of hormone responsive breast cancer and it is confirmed that their role in advanced breast cancer has overtaken that of tamoxifen, which should be relegated to a second-line treatment.
21 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that T, but not estradiol or DHT, facilitates responsiveness to estrous female urinary odors, and sympathetic, noradrenergic inputs to the MOE may enhance odorant contrast.
9 citations
TL;DR: Male testosterone-primed male mice show a robust expression of immediate early genes in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and associated accessory olfactory structures, and noradrenergic inputs to the VNO, which regulate a pumping mechanism thought to facilitate entrance of chemosignals into theVNO lumen, are not required for odors to induce Fos in the mouse accessory Olfactory system.
9 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the VNO/accessory olfactory pathway to the hypothalamus was functional in ArKO females even though they had presumably been exposed to less estrogenic stimulation than wild-type (WT) control females throughout development and until the time that estrogen treatment was begun in adulthood.
8 citations
TL;DR: The problems that underlie any attempt to produce honest, good quality information for healthy potential participants in routine mammography screening programmes are identified and identified, and constructive, practical suggestions for improvements offered.
Abstract: Editor—Responses to our paper identify the problems that underlie any attempt to produce honest, good quality information for healthy potential participants in routine mammography screening programmes. These hinge on the central question about the uncertainty of whether screening does more harm than good. Even so, current shortcomings in information provided are confirmed and identified, and constructive, practical suggestions for improvements offered.
In contrast to Peto and other researchers mentioned in our paper, Blanks and his colleagues claim to have teased out the different contributions to the reduction in breast cancer deaths.1 However, since population screening began in the United Kingdom, numerous factors have affected worldwide mortality trends in breast cancer,2 and systematic reviews of mammography have been published showing little or no reduction in mortality from good quality evidence.3 Sophisticated qualitative methodologies and instruments have also been developed that could helpfully assess a range of non-biomedical outcomes important to consumers.4
Marshall and Nottingham offer suggestions for practical improvements that could be implemented immediately. Patnick's concern to provide women with what they want so that it “is easy to understand,” rather than what they need to make a properly informed decision is somewhat patronising and does women a disservice. Sacrificing content to readability and presentation is unhelpful if you are to fulfil General Medical Council guidance that “you must ensure that anyone... can make a properly informed decision.”
Prospective screening participants first need to know what their risk of getting the disease is, and their risk of dying of it, and the chances of undergoing invasive investigations as a result of attending screening. These and other facts are important if women are to go on to consider whether the harms and benefits of screening are worthwhile for them. Published decision aids are already available5: we suggest they be fed quickly into a new leaflet from the NHS Breast Cancer Programme.
4 citations
Journal Article•
1 citations