Showing papers in "Brain Research Bulletin in 2003"

TL;DR: The hypothesized link between sleep and synaptic homeostasis is supported by several lines of evidence and leads to testable predictions.

TL;DR: All original MRI research papers involving autistic patients, published from 1966 to May 2003, were reviewed in order to elucidate brain anatomy and development of autism and rated for completeness using a 12-item check-list.

TL;DR: The cochlear nuclear complex gives rise to widespread projections to nuclei throughout the brainstem, which are important for the localization of sounds based on spectral cues and send direct excitatory projections to the inferior colliculus.

TL;DR: The hypothesis of partial reversibility of cognitive dysfunction in OSA patients after CPAP is confirmed, and performance on tests evaluating executive functions and constructional abilities was not affected by short- and long-term treatment with CPAP.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a better understanding of the complex aetiology that underlies AD may be achieved likely through a multidisciplinary approach that combines clinical and neurophysiological characterization of AD subtypes and in vivo functional brain imaging studies with molecular investigations of genetic components.

TL;DR: This review deals with the structure of the normal mature mammalian cochlea and includes recent data on the molecular organization of the main cell types within the coChlea.

TL;DR: The vestibulo-cerebellum, imposes a vestibular coordinate system on postural responses and permits adaptive guidance of movement and suggests that an interneuronal network, triggered by CFRs is responsible for SS modulation.

TL;DR: Some metals that could possibly be involved in neurodegeneration are discussed, two of them, manganese and zinc, are essential metals while aluminum is non-essential.

TL;DR: The results indicate that brain regions involved in novelty detection and memory processing habituate at similar rates regardless of whether the face in focus displays an aversive emotional expression or not.

TL;DR: In this review evidence is discussed for a pathogenetic role of demyelinating antibodies, toxic macrophage products, cytotoxic T-cells as well as metabolic disturbances of oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis patients.

TL;DR: The results, which show for the first time strikingly increased CSF levels of TNF-alpha but not of T NF-beta, IL-1beta or IL-6 in AD and VAD, may form a conceptual framework for further studies of neuroprotective mechanisms in dementias.

TL;DR: This review focuses on existing evidence that oxidative stress is a major culprit in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and examines whether metal-mediated oxidative stress would lead to several intracellular alterations and contribute to the induction of cell death pathways.

TL;DR: The results confirm that NIRS is suitable for the measurement of blood oxygenation changes in frontal brain areas that are associated with cognitive tasks.

TL;DR: Zinc hydroaspartate in a dose of 65 mg/kg (11.5 mgZn/kg), all: acute, sub-chronic and chronic administration, reduced the immobility time in the FST in rats and showed its antidepressant-like activity in the OB rat model of depression, which further suggest antidepressant activity of zinc in human depression.

TL;DR: The results of the MTT assay of Abeta peptides on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells displayed a good correlation also with the in vivo results, revealing an effective assay for the study of potentially neurotoxic compounds.

TL;DR: When participants performed the more difficult digit tasks, postural sway was reduced relative to when performing an easy version of the task (few digits), which identified a complex relation between postural control and cognitive or attentional demands.

TL;DR: The hierarchical organization of the representations for a given drive, outputs from these representations to premotor structures in the medulla, caudate-putamen, and cortex, and their contributions to involuntary, learned-sequential (operant) and voluntary behaviors are discussed.

TL;DR: This work investigates the sources of phenotypic variability in R6/2, and makes recommendations for the future use of such models in therapeutic trials, to assess novel therapeutic approaches to Huntington's disease.

TL;DR: Data about protein S-100B, neuron-specific enolase, myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with an acute or chronic progressive neurological disorder with brain damage are reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence of enhanced CNS delivery of carboplatin, loperamide, and cyclosporin-A, which are accompanied by enhanced chemotherapeutic, analgesic and neuroprotective effects, respectively, suggest feasibility of Cereport as an adjunct therapy to pharmacological treatments that require drug availability in the CNS to exert therapeutic efficacy.

TL;DR: The available evidence shows that the human auditory nerve follows the same general organizational plan as the avian nerve, and reports that homologous genes in worms, flies, and mice exert the same heredity influences in man are impressive.

TL;DR: The most commonly used sensorimotor tests provide a useful initial screening of functional deficits, but these tests most probably measure deficits caused by infarction of the core area and it is suggested that these tests should be completed by more refined tests when testing a neuroprotective drug which reduces the infarct size in penumbral areas.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that resveratrol and catechin protect PC12 cells from beta-AP (1-41) toxicity and that their protective effect is synergistic, and suggest that the utilization of different compounds with synergistic activity may protect more effectively from complex mechanisms of toxicity.

TL;DR: The release and wash-out pattern found in CSF and serum are discussed in relation to the three main determinants for increased brain specific protein levels in body fluids: total mass effect; pathology; and time effect.

TL;DR: How chemokines and MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS by controlling leukocyte migration between different functional compartments is reviewed and interfering with their function holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy in MS.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the accumulation of brain macrophages elicited by transient cerebral ischemia is caused predominantly by activation and proliferation of resident microglia through the upregulation of cell cycle proteins.

TL;DR: The results suggest that Abeta(25-35) preferably induces impairments of spatial and non-spatial short-term (working) memory rather than long-term memory in rats.

TL;DR: The molecular and cellular origin of the primary neurons of the inner ear, the vestibular and spiral neurons, is reviewed including how they connect to the specific sensory epithelia and what the molecular nature of their survival is.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that short-term in vitro ischemia permanently impairs the excitability of inhibitory neurons (IN) and synaptic transmission mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and principal neurons appear to be more exciting during the reperfusion.

TL;DR: The functional significance of both overlapping and segregated projections are not yet fully experimentally explored in mammals and lack of details of the adult organization compromises future developmental analysis.